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Russian Federation
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Russian Federation
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Russian Federation
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Russian Federation
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Russian Federation
Pahotnyy sloy pochvy dlya vosproizvodstva produkcii rastenievodstva po agro-tehnicheskim trebovaniyam sozdaetsya vybrannoy tehnologiey [1, 2]. Agronom reshaet vo-prosy po mehanizacii agropriemov i operaciy na vseh stadiyah polucheniya i sohraneniya pochvennogo sloya. Pol'zuyas' principom minimal'noy obrabotki pochvennogo sloya, vy-straivaetsya vozmozhnost' i celesoobraznost' sovmescheniya tehnologicheskih operaciy mashinnymi agregatami. Minimal'naya obrabotka pochvy – eto sovokupnost' priemov, obespechivayuschih minimal'nuyu deformacii pochvy s sohraneniem poroznosti pod deyst-viem hodovyh sistem i rabochih organov sel'skohozyaystvennyh mashin [3, 4]. Eta obra-botka pochvy harakterizuetsya sokrascheniem kolichestva i glubiny obrabotki, zamenoy ne-skol'kih tehnologicheskih operaciy na odnu. Intensivnost' priemov tehnologiy dolzhna obespechivat' maksimal'noe proyavlenie poleznyh svoystv ili sohraneniya fiziko-himicheskih svoystv pochv v polevyh usloviyah. Industrializaciya tehnologiy predpolaga-et sovokupnost' mehanizirovannyh rabot, kogda obespechivaetsya maksimal'nyy urozhay sel'skohozyaystvennyh kul'tur vysokogo kachestva v konkretnyh pochvenno-klimaticheskih usloviyah. V rabote rassmatrivaetsya modelirovanie pochvennogo sloya s primeneniem pod-hoda fiziko-himicheskoy mehaniki. Vydelyayutsya tri tipa sostoyaniya sistemy dispersi-onnyh mineral'nyh chastic i dispersionnoy sredy. Pervyy tip opredelyaetsya tverdoy fazoy – gaz (vozduh), pochva stanovitsya tverdoy i zhestkoy. Vtoroy tip opredelyaetsya tver-doy fazoy i zhidkost' (voda), pochva stanovitsya zhidkoy i vlazhnoy. Tretiy tip opredelya-etsya tverdoy fazoy – zhidkost' – gaz – organicheskaya kompoziciya, pochva stanovitsya «zhi-voy». V zavisimosti ot sootnosheniya tverdoy fazy i dispersionnoy sredy, kotoraya zapolnyaet svobodnye ob'emy (poroznosti - pustotnosti) pochvennogo sloya poluchayutsya svoystva «zhivogo» pahotnogo sloya. Glavnymi faktorami kachestva pochvennogo sloya eto sposobnost' okazyvat' soprotivlenie vozdeystvuyuschim na nee silam. Prisutstvie v poch-ve dostatochnogo kolichestva vlagi i vysokomolekulyarnogo organicheskogo materiala for-miruet ekologicheskie i biologicheskie i reologicheskie svoystva pochvennogo sloya [5, 6].
ekologiya, mashina, agregat, pochva, mehanika, kombayn, kolos, soloma, izmel'chenie, poroznost', reologiya, model' pochvy, relaksaciya.
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