Agrarian Bulletin of the Agrarian Bulletin of the Аграрный вестник Урала 1997-4868 2307-0005 46832 10.32417/1997-4868-2021-212-09-80-92 Экономика. Экономические науки Economy. Economics Экономика. Экономические науки Local Communities Participation in Rural Development: the Experience of the European Union Участие местных сообществ в развитии сельских территорий: опыт Европейского союза Головина С. Г. Golovina S. G. Ручкин Алексей Владимирович Ruchkin Aleksey Vladimirovich alexeyruchkin87@gmail.com Миколайчик И. Н. Mikolaychik I. N.

доктор сельскохозяйственных наук;

doctor of agricultural sciences;

 Смирнова Л. Н. Smirnova L. N. ФГБОУ ВО «Курганская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия имени Т.С. Мальцева» Россия ФГБОУ ВО «Курганская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия имени Т.С. Мальцева» Russian Federation Уральский государственный аграрный университет Россия Уральский государственный аграрный университет Russian Federation ФГБОУ ВО «Курганская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия имени Т.С. Мальцева» Россия ФГБОУ ВО «Курганская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия имени Т.С. Мальцева» Russian Federation ФГБОУ ВО «Курганская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия имени Т.С. Мальцева» Россия ФГБОУ ВО «Курганская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия имени Т.С. Мальцева» Russian Federation 212 09 80 92 09 11 2021 https://usau.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/46832/view

Аннотация. Использование опыта реализации Единой сельскохозяйственной политики (CAP) в государствах – членах Европейского союза (ЕС) актуально как для России, так и для других стран мира, заинтересованных в успешном развитии аграрной отрасли экономики и сельских территорий, роль которых в достижении национальной безопасности стран и регионов (продовольственной, биологической, экологической и прочей) существенно возрастает в связи с возникшими сегодня вызовами и угрозами (изменение климата, пандемия COVID-19, обострение международной обстановки). Цель исследования, результаты которого представлены в данной статье, направлена на тщательное изучение особого подхода, реализуемого в рамках CAP, именуемого в европейском законодательстве LEADER/CLLD и означающего тесное сочетание всестороннего межотраслевого взаимодействия с активным участием местных сообществ в сельском развитии. В работе применены обзорно-аналитические методы исследования, с помощью которых скрупулезному изучению подлежали: 1) действующее (имеющее отношение к теме исследования) законодательство, 2) реализуемые в странах членах ЕС программы, 3) значимые научные публикации. Результатом работы стали обзорно-аналитические выводы и практические рекомендации относительно перспектив использования различных аспектов LEADER/CLLD в отечественной политической и хозяйственной практике, учитывая, что опыт местных жителей в сочетании с мнением других заинтересованных сторон способен помочь лучше адаптировать политику развития сельских территорий к реальным потребностям и возможностям, а в границах сельских сообществ сформировать специфический (уникальный) человеческий капитал, включающий, помимо особых профессиональных навыков, 1) способность выступать с конструктивными инициативами; 2) обладание чувством местной идентичности и ответственности за свою деятельность; 3) умение участвовать на равных с другими партнерами в определении стратегий местного развития; 4) доверие между людьми, частными предприятиями, государственными учреждениями и отраслевыми сообществами, заинтересованными в успешном сельском развитии, формирующееся в процессе постоянного взаимодействия. Научной новизной обладают теоретические и практические выводы, касающиеся содержания инициатив LEADER/CLLD, а также заключения, связанные с возможностями внедрения инструментов и механизмов поддержки сельских территорий, реализуемых непосредственно с привлечением местных сообществ при финансовой поддержке государства.

Abstract. The use of the experience of implementing the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the member states of the European Union (EU) is relevant both for Russia and for other countries of the world interested in the successful development of the agrarian sector of the economy and rural areas. The role of rural areas in achieving national security of countries and regions (food, biological, environmental and other) is increasing significantly due to the current challenges and threats (climate change, COVID-19 pandemic, aggravation of the international situation). The purpose of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, is to scrutinise the special approach implemented under the CAP. This approach is referred to in European law as LEADER/CLLD and refers to a close combination of comprehensive cross-sector interaction with active involvement of local communities in rural development. In the work, analytical and review research methods were used, with the help of which (1) the current (relevant to the research topic) legislation, (2) programs implemented in the EU member states, (3) significant scientific publications were subject to scrupulous study. The result of the work is a review and analysis of the findings and practical recommendations for the future use of the various aspects of LEADER/CLLD in domestic political and economic practice. The application of this approach takes into account the fact that the experience of local residents, combined with the opinions of other stakeholders, can help to better adapt rural development policy to real needs and opportunities, and to form a specific (unique) human capital within the boundaries of rural communities. Human capital includes, in addition to specific skills, (1) the ability to take constructive initiatives, (2) a sense of local identity and ownership, (3) the ability to participate as equals with other partners in defining local development strategies, (4) trust between people, private enterprises, public institutions and sectoral communities interested in successful rural development, formed through constant interaction. Theoretical and practical conclusions regarding the content of LEADER/CLLD initiatives, as well as findings related to the possibilities of introducing tools and mechanisms to support rural areas, implemented directly with the involvement of local communities with financial support from the state, are of scientific novelty.

 Единая сельскохозяйственная политика Европейский союз сельские территории LEADER/CLLD вызовы и угрозы Common Agricultural Policy European Union rural areas LEADER/CLLD challenges and threats Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-29-07315

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