Agrarian Bulletin of the Agrarian Bulletin of the Аграрный вестник Урала 1997-4868 2307-0005 71553 10.32417/1997-4868-2023-23-10-69-80 Биология Biology Биология Features of micro clone reproduction of some currant representatives of the genus Ribes spp.: review Особенности микроклонального размножения некоторых представителей рода Ribes spp.: обзор Ряго Нелли Васильевна Ryago N. V. 13 11 2023 13 11 2023 23 10 69 80 13 11 2023 https://usau.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/71553/view

Аннотация. Цель − систематизация информации по вопросам микроклонального размножения представителей рода Ribes spp., в том числе укоренение микропобегов и их адаптация в условиях ex vitro. Методы. Использовали сравнительный анализ при обзоре зарубежной и отечественной литературы по выращиванию ягодных культур методом микроклонального размножения. Результаты. Увеличить коэффициент размножения оздоровленного чистосортного посадочного материала представителей рода Ribes spр. возможно в условиях микроклонального размножения с учетом генотипических особенностей. Получение жизнеспособных эксплантов при введении в культуру in vitro достигается прежде всего выбором качественного исходного материала, фазы развития растения в период изоляции эксплантов и подбора питательных сред. Кроме того, на положительный исход введения влияет эффективность и токсичность стерилизующего агента, борьба с фенольным окислением эксплантов и среды, ассортимент регуляторов роста в периоды введения, микроразмножения и ризогенеза. Наибольшие производственные потери происходят на этапе акклиматизации микропобегов в нестерильных условиях, что связывают со слабой работой ферментов для фиксации углерода в необходимых объемах и несформировавшимся водным режимом из-за разницы микроклимата в пробирке и условий открытого грунта. Представлены разные технологии адаптации представителей данного рода к внешним условиям, начиная от подбора субстрата в теплицах до разработки специальных климатических камер с оптимальными условиями. Несмотря на противоречивые результаты, расширяется представление об успешности применения определенных препаратов для рода Ribes spр., повышается качество посадочного материала, однако полностью не отработана методика получения чистосортного посадочного материала с учетом сортовых особенностей, и полностью не решены вопросы адаптации на этапе ex vitro. Научная новизна. Представлен обзор литературы с учетом новых отечественных и зарубежных научных разработок этапов микроклонального размножения ягодных культур в зависимости от видовой принадлежности и генотипа, а также вопрос акклиматизации в условиях ex vitro.

Abstract. Purpose. The systematization of information on the micro clonal reproduction of representatives of the Ribes spp. genus, including the rooting of micro shoots and their adaptation in ex vitro conditions. Methods. A comparative analysis was used to review foreign and domestic literature on the cultivation of berry crops using the method of microclonal propagation. Results. It is possible to increase the reproduction coefficient of healthy pure-cultivar Ribes spp. planting material in conditions of micro clone reproduction, taking into account genotypic features. Obtaining viable explants when introduced into in vitro culture is achieved, first of all, by choosing a high-quality source material, the phase of plant development during the isolation of explants and the selection of nutrient media. In addition, the positive introduction is influenced by the effectiveness and toxicity of the sterilizing agent, the fight against phenolic oxidation of explants and the medium, the range of growth regulators during the periods of the introduction, micropropagation and rhizogenesis. The greatest production losses occur at the stage of acclimatization of micro-shoots in non-sterile conditions, which is associated with the weak work of enzymes for carbon fixation in the required volumes and the unformed water regime due to the difference in the microclimate in the test tube and open ground conditions. Various technologies of adaptation of the representatives of this genus to external conditions are presented, ranging from the selection of a substrate in greenhouses to the development of special climate chambers with optimal conditions. Despite the contradictory results, the idea of the success of the use of certain preparations for Ribes spp. is expanding, the quality of the planting material is improving, however, the methodology for obtaining pure-variety planting material taking into account the varietal characteristics, has not been fully developed, and the issues of adaptation at the ex vitro stage have not been fully resolved. Scientific novelty: The review of the reports is presented taking into account new domestic and foreign scientific developments of the stages of microclonal reproduction of berry crops, depending on the species and genotypes, as well as the issue of acclimatization in ex vitro conditions is discussed.

 культура in vitro срок введения в культуру питательные среды регуляторы роста растений укоренение адаптация ex vitro in vitro the term of introduction into culture nutrient media regulators of plant growth rooting ex vitro adaptation

Shokurova E. Proizvodstvo plodovo-yagodnoy produktsii v Rossii prevysilo 1,5 mln tonn [Production of fruit and berry products exceeded 1.5 million tons in Russia] [e-resource]. URL: https://www.agroinvestor.ru/markets/news/39833-proizvodstvo-plodovo-yagodnoy-produktsii-v-rossii-prevysilo-1-5-mln-t (date of reference: 30.03.2023). (In Russian.) Shokurova E. Proizvodstvo plodovo-yagodnoy produktsii v Rossii prevysilo 1,5 mln tonn [Production of fruit and berry products exceeded 1.5 million tons in Russia] [e-resource]. URL: https://www.agroinvestor.ru/markets/news/39833-proizvodstvo-plodovo-yagodnoy-produktsii-v-rossii-prevysilo-1-5-mln-t (date of reference: 30.03.2023). (In Russian.) Khromenko V. V., Vorob’yev V. F. Tekhnologicheskiye zatraty i ekonomicheskaya effektivnost’ vyrashchivaniya yagodnykh kul’tur [Technological costs and economic efficiency of growing berry crops] // Horticulture and viticulture. 2013. No. 2. Pp. 44-48. (In Russian.) Khromenko V. V., Vorob’yev V. F. Tekhnologicheskiye zatraty i ekonomicheskaya effektivnost’ vyrashchivaniya yagodnykh kul’tur [Technological costs and economic efficiency of growing berry crops] // Horticulture and viticulture. 2013. No. 2. Pp. 44-48. (In Russian.) Pronina I. N., Matushkina O. V. Ekonomicheskiye aspekty ispol’zovaniya klonal’nogo mikrorazmnozheniya v sisteme proizvodstva posadochnogo materiala plodovykh i yagodnykh kul’tur [Economic aspects of using clonal micropropagation in the system of production of planting material of fruit and berry crops] // Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia. 2011. Vol. 26. Pp. 82-88. (In Russian.) Pronina I. N., Matushkina O. V. Ekonomicheskiye aspekty ispol’zovaniya klonal’nogo mikrorazmnozheniya v sisteme proizvodstva posadochnogo materiala plodovykh i yagodnykh kul’tur [Economic aspects of using clonal micropropagation in the system of production of planting material of fruit and berry crops] // Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia. 2011. Vol. 26. Pp. 82-88. (In Russian.) Kukharchik N. V., Kastritskaya M. S., Semenas S. E., Kolbanova E. V., Krasinskaya T. A., Volosevich N. N., Solovey O. V., Zmushko A. A., Bozhiday T. N., Rundya A. P., Malinovskaya A.M. Razmnozheniye plodovykh i yagodnykh rasteniy v kul’ture in vitro [Reproduction of fruit and berry plants in culture in vitro]. Minsk: Belaruskaya navuka, 2016. 208 p. (In Russian.) Kukharchik N. V., Kastritskaya M. S., Semenas S. E., Kolbanova E. V., Krasinskaya T. A., Volosevich N. N., Solovey O. V., Zmushko A. A., Bozhiday T. N., Rundya A. P., Malinovskaya A.M. Razmnozheniye plodovykh i yagodnykh rasteniy v kul’ture in vitro [Reproduction of fruit and berry plants in culture in vitro]. Minsk: Belaruskaya navuka, 2016. 208 p. (In Russian.) Orazbayeva G. K., Khasanova V. T., Isakov A. R., Shvidchenko V. K. Klonal’noye razmnozheniye rasteniy chërnoy smorodiny (Ribes nigrum L.) in vitro [Clonal propagation of black currant plants (Ribes nigrum L.) in vitro] // Herald of Science of S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University. 2012. No. 1 (72). Pp. 115-124. (In Russian.) Orazbayeva G. K., Khasanova V. T., Isakov A. R., Shvidchenko V. K. Klonal’noye razmnozheniye rasteniy chërnoy smorodiny (Ribes nigrum L.) in vitro [Clonal propagation of black currant plants (Ribes nigrum L.) in vitro] // Herald of Science of S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University. 2012. No. 1 (72). Pp. 115-124. (In Russian.) Ishmuratova M. M., Golovina L. A. Razmnozheniye sortov smorodiny chernoy (Ribes nigrum L.) bashkirskoy selektsii v kul’ture in vitro [In vitro propagation of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars of bashkir breeding] // Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences. 2017. Vol. 27. No. 4. Pp. 455--461. (In Russian.) Ishmuratova M. M., Golovina L. A. Razmnozheniye sortov smorodiny chernoy (Ribes nigrum L.) bashkirskoy selektsii v kul’ture in vitro [In vitro propagation of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars of bashkir breeding] // Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences. 2017. Vol. 27. No. 4. Pp. 455--461. (In Russian.) Suleymanova S. J. Mikroklonal’noye razmnozheniye plodovykh kul’tur (obzor) [Microclonal propagation of fruit crops (review)] // East European Scientific Journal. 2016. No. 11. Pp. 47-54. (In Russian) Suleymanova S. J. Mikroklonal’noye razmnozheniye plodovykh kul’tur (obzor) [Microclonal propagation of fruit crops (review)] // East European Scientific Journal. 2016. No. 11. Pp. 47-54. (In Russian) Shevelukha V. S., Kalashnikova E. A., Voronin E. S., Kovalev V. M., Kovalev A. A., Kochiyeva E. Z., Novikov N. N., Provorov, N. A., Prokof’yev M. I., Pronina N. B., Sventitskiy I. O., Tikhonov I. V., Tikhonovich I. A. Sel’skokhozyaystvennaya biotekhnologiya [Agricultural biotechnology] // Under the editorship of V. S. Shevelukha. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1998. 416 p. (In Russian) Shevelukha V. S., Kalashnikova E. A., Voronin E. S., Kovalev V. M., Kovalev A. A., Kochiyeva E. Z., Novikov N. N., Provorov, N. A., Prokof’yev M. I., Pronina N. B., Sventitskiy I. O., Tikhonov I. V., Tikhonovich I. A. Sel’skokhozyaystvennaya biotekhnologiya [Agricultural biotechnology] // Under the editorship of V. S. Shevelukha. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1998. 416 p. (In Russian) Programma i metodika selektsii plodovykh, yagodnykh i orekhoplodnykh kul’tur [Program and methodology for breeding fruit, berry and nut crops] // Under the general editor ship of E. N. Sedov. Oryol: Russian research institute of fruit crop breeding, 1995. 502 p. (In Russian.) Programma i metodika selektsii plodovykh, yagodnykh i orekhoplodnykh kul’tur [Program and methodology for breeding fruit, berry and nut crops] // Under the general editor ship of E. N. Sedov. Oryol: Russian research institute of fruit crop breeding, 1995. 502 p. (In Russian.) Geneticheskiye osnovy selektsii: v 4 t. T. 3. Biotekhnologiya v selektsii rasteniy. Kletochnaya inzheneriya [Genetic foundations of breeding: in 4 vol. Vol. 3. Biotechnology in plant breeding. Cell engineering] / Under the editorship of A. V. Kil’chevskiy, L. V. Khotyleva. Minsk: Belaruskaya navuka, 2012. 489 p. (In Russian.) Geneticheskiye osnovy selektsii: v 4 t. T. 3. Biotekhnologiya v selektsii rasteniy. Kletochnaya inzheneriya [Genetic foundations of breeding: in 4 vol. Vol. 3. Biotechnology in plant breeding. Cell engineering] / Under the editorship of A. V. Kil’chevskiy, L. V. Khotyleva. Minsk: Belaruskaya navuka, 2012. 489 p. (In Russian.) Manole C. G., Balan V., Mencinicopschi I. C., Golea D., Rodino S., Butu, A. The influence of growth regulators concentrations on in vitro micropropagation of Ribes rubrum species // Scientific Bulletin, Series F, Biotechnologies. 2012. Vol. 16. Pp. 26-29. Manole C. G., Balan V., Mencinicopschi I. C., Golea D., Rodino S., Butu, A. The influence of growth regulators concentrations on in vitro micropropagation of Ribes rubrum species // Scientific Bulletin, Series F, Biotechnologies. 2012. Vol. 16. Pp. 26-29. Dziedzic E., Jagła J. Micropropagation of Rubus and Ribes spp. // Protocols for Micropropagation of Selected Economically-Important Horticultural Plants. 2013. Pp. 149-160. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-074-8_11. Dziedzic E., Jagła J. Micropropagation of Rubus and Ribes spp. // Protocols for Micropropagation of Selected Economically-Important Horticultural Plants. 2013. Pp. 149-160. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-074-8_11. Cárdenas M. J. S. Adaptación de protocolos de establecimiento in vitro de Ribes rubrum L., Ribes nigrum L. y Ribes uva-crispa L.: doctoral dissertation, Universidad Austral de Chile. 2016. 41 p. (In Spanish.) Cárdenas M. J. S. Adaptación de protocolos de establecimiento in vitro de Ribes rubrum L., Ribes nigrum L. y Ribes uva-crispa L.: doctoral dissertation, Universidad Austral de Chile. 2016. 41 p. (In Spanish.) Erst A. A., Vechernina N. A. Razmnozheniye Ribes aureum (sem. Glossulariaceae) v kul’ture in vitro [Propagation of Rubes aureum (family of Grossulariaceae) in in vitro culture] // Biotechnology. 2010. No. 5. Pp. 37-44. (In Russian.) Erst A. A., Vechernina N. A. Razmnozheniye Ribes aureum (sem. Glossulariaceae) v kul’ture in vitro [Propagation of Rubes aureum (family of Grossulariaceae) in in vitro culture] // Biotechnology. 2010. No. 5. Pp. 37-44. (In Russian.) Sedlák J., Paprštein F. In vitro establishment and proliferation of red currant cultivars // Hort. Sci. Prague. 2012. Vol. 39. No. 1. Pp. 21-25. DOI: 10.17221/40/2011-HORTSCI. Sedlák J., Paprštein F. In vitro establishment and proliferation of red currant cultivars // Hort. Sci. Prague. 2012. Vol. 39. No. 1. Pp. 21-25. DOI: 10.17221/40/2011-HORTSCI. Manole C., Bălan V., Tudora C., Butu M., Fidler G., Rodino S., Golea D., Butu A. Influence of sucrose concentration on in vitro multiplication of Ribes rubrum species // Banat’s Journal of Biotechnology. 2011. Vol. 2. No. 4. Pp. 73-75. Manole C., Bălan V., Tudora C., Butu M., Fidler G., Rodino S., Golea D., Butu A. Influence of sucrose concentration on in vitro multiplication of Ribes rubrum species // Banat’s Journal of Biotechnology. 2011. Vol. 2. No. 4. Pp. 73-75. Vechernina N. A., Plaksina T. V., Tikhomirova L. I. Biotekhnologicheskiye metody sokhraneniya i izmeneniya genomov sadovykh rasteniy [Biotechnological methods for preserving and changing the genomes of garden plants] // Programma rabot selektsentra nauchno-issledovatel’’skogo instituta sadovodstva Sibiri imeni M.A. Lisavenko do 2030 goda. Novosibirsk: Nauchno-issledovatel’skiy institut sadovodstva Sibiri imeni M.A. Lisavenko Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossel’khozakademii NII. 2011. Vol. 3. Pp. 51-56. (In Russian.) Vechernina N. A., Plaksina T. V., Tikhomirova L. I. Biotekhnologicheskiye metody sokhraneniya i izmeneniya genomov sadovykh rasteniy [Biotechnological methods for preserving and changing the genomes of garden plants] // Programma rabot selektsentra nauchno-issledovatel’’skogo instituta sadovodstva Sibiri imeni M.A. Lisavenko do 2030 goda. Novosibirsk: Nauchno-issledovatel’skiy institut sadovodstva Sibiri imeni M.A. Lisavenko Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossel’khozakademii NII. 2011. Vol. 3. Pp. 51-56. (In Russian.) Sposob klonal’nogo mikrorazmnozheniya smorodiny i antioksidant dlya klonal’nogo mikrorazmnozheniya smorodiny [Method of clonal micromultiplication of currant and antioxidant for currant clonal micromultiplication] / G. P. Atroshchenko Patent 20080060 Russian Federation No. 94007611/13; application: 1.03.1994, date of publication: 27.05.1997. 7 p. (In Russian) Sposob klonal’nogo mikrorazmnozheniya smorodiny i antioksidant dlya klonal’nogo mikrorazmnozheniya smorodiny [Method of clonal micromultiplication of currant and antioxidant for currant clonal micromultiplication] / G. P. Atroshchenko Patent 20080060 Russian Federation No. 94007611/13; application: 1.03.1994, date of publication: 27.05.1997. 7 p. (In Russian) Matushkin S. A. Optimizatsiya elementov tekhnologii razmnozheniya smorodiny chernoy i kryzhovnika in vitro: avtoref. dis.… kand. s.-kh. nauk [Optimization of the elements of the technology of reproduction of black currant and gooseberry in vitro: abstract of the diss. …candidate of agricultural sciences]. Michurinsk: Michurinsk State Agrarian University, 2020. 24 p. (In Russian.) Matushkin S. A. Optimizatsiya elementov tekhnologii razmnozheniya smorodiny chernoy i kryzhovnika in vitro: avtoref. dis.… kand. s.-kh. nauk [Optimization of the elements of the technology of reproduction of black currant and gooseberry in vitro: abstract of the diss. …candidate of agricultural sciences]. Michurinsk: Michurinsk State Agrarian University, 2020. 24 p. (In Russian.) Kutas E. N., Garaninova M. V. Vliyaniye sterilizuyushchikh soyedineniy na vykhod zhiznesposobnykh eksplantov rododendronov (Rhododendron L.) pri vvedenii v kul’turu in vitro [Influence of sterilizing compounds on the yield of viable explants rhododendron (Rhododendron L.)] // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. 2015. No. 2. Pp. 13-17. (In Russian.) Kutas E. N., Garaninova M. V. Vliyaniye sterilizuyushchikh soyedineniy na vykhod zhiznesposobnykh eksplantov rododendronov (Rhododendron L.) pri vvedenii v kul’turu in vitro [Influence of sterilizing compounds on the yield of viable explants rhododendron (Rhododendron L.)] // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. 2015. No. 2. Pp. 13-17. (In Russian.) Kovalenko G. Biotekhnologicheskiye priyemy razmnozheniya yagodnykh kul’tur [Biotechnological methods of berry crop propagation] // Horticultură, Viticultură şi vinificaţie, Silvicultură şi grădini publice, Protecţia plantelor. 2010. Vol. 24. Pp. 197-199. (In Russian.) Kovalenko G. Biotekhnologicheskiye priyemy razmnozheniya yagodnykh kul’tur [Biotechnological methods of berry crop propagation] // Horticultură, Viticultură şi vinificaţie, Silvicultură şi grădini publice, Protecţia plantelor. 2010. Vol. 24. Pp. 197-199. (In Russian.) Skovorodnikov D. N. Klonal’noye mikrorazmnozheniye v uskorenii selektsionnogo protsessa smorodiny chernoy [Clonal micropropagation in accelerating the breeding process of black currant] // Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin. Series Natural Sciences. 2012. Vol. 21. No. 21-1 (140). Pp. 58-61. (In Russian.) Skovorodnikov D. N. Klonal’noye mikrorazmnozheniye v uskorenii selektsionnogo protsessa smorodiny chernoy [Clonal micropropagation in accelerating the breeding process of black currant] // Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin. Series Natural Sciences. 2012. Vol. 21. No. 21-1 (140). Pp. 58-61. (In Russian.) Shakhov V. V., Fedotova I. E., Tashmatova L. V., Matsneva O. V., Khromova T. M. Sravnitel’nyy analiz sterilizatorov na osnove periodizatsii ikh ispol’zovaniya [Comparative analysis of sterilizers on the basis of periodization of their use] // The Bulletin of KrasGAU. 2019. No 12 (153). Pp. 38-42. DOI: 10.36718/1819-4036-2019-12-38-42. (In Russian.) Shakhov V. V., Fedotova I. E., Tashmatova L. V., Matsneva O. V., Khromova T. M. Sravnitel’nyy analiz sterilizatorov na osnove periodizatsii ikh ispol’zovaniya [Comparative analysis of sterilizers on the basis of periodization of their use] // The Bulletin of KrasGAU. 2019. No 12 (153). Pp. 38-42. DOI: 10.36718/1819-4036-2019-12-38-42. (In Russian.) Kambarova A., Karipbayeva R. K., Bakhtaulova A. S. Poluchenie asepticheski chistoy kul’tury smorodiny Meyera dlya vvedeniya v kul’turu in vitro [Obtaining an aseptically pure ‘Meyer’ currant culture for in vitro culture] // Selektsiya i sortorazvedeniye sadovykh kul’tur. 2020. Vol. 7. No. 1-2. Pp. 80-82. DOI: 10.36718/1819-4036-2019-12-38-42. (In Russian.) Kambarova A., Karipbayeva R. K., Bakhtaulova A. S. Poluchenie asepticheski chistoy kul’tury smorodiny Meyera dlya vvedeniya v kul’turu in vitro [Obtaining an aseptically pure ‘Meyer’ currant culture for in vitro culture] // Selektsiya i sortorazvedeniye sadovykh kul’tur. 2020. Vol. 7. No. 1-2. Pp. 80-82. DOI: 10.36718/1819-4036-2019-12-38-42. (In Russian.) Sakhvon E. V., Kudryashova O. A., Vaynovskaya I. F., Volotovich A. A. Sravnitel’nyy analiz sposobov asepticheskogo vvedeniya v kul’turu in vitro rasteniy Melittis sarmatica Klok. [Comparative analysis of administration aseptic in culture in vitro plants Melittis sarmatica Klok.] // Bulletin of Polessky State University. Series in Natural sciences. 2016. No. 1. Pp. 22-27. (In Russian) Sakhvon E. V., Kudryashova O. A., Vaynovskaya I. F., Volotovich A. A. Sravnitel’nyy analiz sposobov asepticheskogo vvedeniya v kul’turu in vitro rasteniy Melittis sarmatica Klok. [Comparative analysis of administration aseptic in culture in vitro plants Melittis sarmatica Klok.] // Bulletin of Polessky State University. Series in Natural sciences. 2016. No. 1. Pp. 22-27. (In Russian) Murashige T., Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures // Physiologia plantarum. 1962. Vol. 15 (3). Pp. 473-497. DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1962.TB08052.X. Murashige T., Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures // Physiologia plantarum. 1962. Vol. 15 (3). Pp. 473-497. DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1962.TB08052.X. Lloyd G., McCown B. Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. 1980. Vol. 30. Pp. 421-427. Lloyd G., McCown B. Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. 1980. Vol. 30. Pp. 421-427. Anderson W. C. A revised tissue culture medium for shoot multiplication of rhododendron // Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 1984. Vol. 109. Pp. 343-347. DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.109.3.343. Anderson W. C. A revised tissue culture medium for shoot multiplication of rhododendron // Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 1984. Vol. 109. Pp. 343-347. DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.109.3.343. Quorin M., Lepoivre P. Improved media for in vitro culture of Prunus sp. // Acta Horticulturae. 1977. Vol. 78 (4). Pp. 437-442. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1977.78.54. Quorin M., Lepoivre P. Improved media for in vitro culture of Prunus sp. // Acta Horticulturae. 1977. Vol. 78 (4). Pp. 437-442. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1977.78.54. Molkanova O. I., Koroleva O. V., Stakheyeva T. S., Krakhmaleva I. L., Meleshchuk E. A. Sovershenstvovaniye tekhnologii klonal’nogo mikrorazmnozheniya tsennykh plodovykh i yagodnykh kul’tur dlya proizvodstvennykh usloviy [Improvement of clonal micropropagation technology of valuable fruit and berry crops varieties for commercial conditions] // Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC. 2018. Vol. 32 (9). Pp. 66-69. DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10915. (In Russian.) Molkanova O. I., Koroleva O. V., Stakheyeva T. S., Krakhmaleva I. L., Meleshchuk E. A. Sovershenstvovaniye tekhnologii klonal’nogo mikrorazmnozheniya tsennykh plodovykh i yagodnykh kul’tur dlya proizvodstvennykh usloviy [Improvement of clonal micropropagation technology of valuable fruit and berry crops varieties for commercial conditions] // Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC. 2018. Vol. 32 (9). Pp. 66-69. DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10915. (In Russian.) Krakhmaleva I. L., Molkanova O. I. Osobennosti razmnozheniya sortov kryzhovnika v kul’ture in vitro [Peculiarities of in vitro propagation of gooseberry varieties] // Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia. 2020. Vol. 62. Pp. 105-114. DOI: 10.31676/2073-4948-2020-62-105-114. (In Russian.) Krakhmaleva I. L., Molkanova O. I. Osobennosti razmnozheniya sortov kryzhovnika v kul’ture in vitro [Peculiarities of in vitro propagation of gooseberry varieties] // Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia. 2020. Vol. 62. Pp. 105-114. DOI: 10.31676/2073-4948-2020-62-105-114. (In Russian.) Daroudi H., Akbarniya M., Hosseini S. M., Hajiyan Shahri M. Micropropagation of Ribes khorasanicum species by tissue culture // Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research. 2015. Vol. 23. No. 1. Pp. 65-76. DOI: 10.22092/IJRFPBGR.2015.101539. (In Persian.) Daroudi H., Akbarniya M., Hosseini S. M., Hajiyan Shahri M. Micropropagation of Ribes khorasanicum species by tissue culture // Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research. 2015. Vol. 23. No. 1. Pp. 65-76. DOI: 10.22092/IJRFPBGR.2015.101539. (In Persian.) Dzhigadlo E. N., Dzhigadlo M. I., Golyshkina L. V. Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii po ispol’zovaniyu biotekhnologicheskikh metodov v rabote s plodovymi, yagodnymi i dekorativnymi kul’turami [Guidelines for the use of biotechnological methods in the work with fruit, berry and ornamental crops]. Oryol: Russian research institute of fruit crop breeding, 2005. 51 p. (In Russian) Dzhigadlo E. N., Dzhigadlo M. I., Golyshkina L. V. Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii po ispol’zovaniyu biotekhnologicheskikh metodov v rabote s plodovymi, yagodnymi i dekorativnymi kul’turami [Guidelines for the use of biotechnological methods in the work with fruit, berry and ornamental crops]. Oryol: Russian research institute of fruit crop breeding, 2005. 51 p. (In Russian) Bad’yakov I. Georgiev V., Georgieva M., Dincheva I., Vrancheva R., Ivanov I., Georgiev D., Hristova D., Kondakova V., Pavlov A. Bioreactor technology for in vitro berry plant cultivation // In: Plant Cell and Tissue Differentiation and Secondary Metabolites: Fundamentals and Applications / K. G. Ramawat, H. M. Ekiert, S. Goyal (eds.). Cham: Springer, 2021. Pp. 383-431. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30185-9_18. Bad’yakov I. Georgiev V., Georgieva M., Dincheva I., Vrancheva R., Ivanov I., Georgiev D., Hristova D., Kondakova V., Pavlov A. Bioreactor technology for in vitro berry plant cultivation // In: Plant Cell and Tissue Differentiation and Secondary Metabolites: Fundamentals and Applications / K. G. Ramawat, H. M. Ekiert, S. Goyal (eds.). Cham: Springer, 2021. Pp. 383-431. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30185-9_18. Timofeeva O. A., Nevmerzhitskaya Yu. Yu. Klonal’noye mikrorazmnozheniye rasteniy: uchebno-metodicheskoye posobiye [Clonal micropropagation of plants: Educational and methodical manual]. Kazan: Kazan Federal University, 2012. 56 p. (In Russian.) Timofeeva O. A., Nevmerzhitskaya Yu. Yu. Klonal’noye mikrorazmnozheniye rasteniy: uchebno-metodicheskoye posobiye [Clonal micropropagation of plants: Educational and methodical manual]. Kazan: Kazan Federal University, 2012. 56 p. (In Russian.) Tsitodef-100 [Cytodef-100] [Electronic resource] // Agrosintez [website]. URL: https://agrosintez.ru/catalog/czitodef-100-vrp (date of reference: 3.03.2022). (In Russian.) Tsitodef-100 [Cytodef-100] [Electronic resource] // Agrosintez [website]. URL: https://agrosintez.ru/catalog/czitodef-100-vrp (date of reference: 3.03.2022). (In Russian.) Makarov S. S., Chudetskiy A. I., Kuznetsova I. B. Vliyaniye tsitokininov na protsess pobegoobrazovaniya rasteniy krasnoy smorodiny na etape “sobstvenno mikrorazmnozheniye” [The effect of cytokinins on the process of shoot formation of red currant plants at the stage of “true micropropagation”] // Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2020. No. 3 (83). Pp. 101-103. DOI: 10.37670/2073-0853-2020-83-3-101-103. (In Russian.) Makarov S. S., Chudetskiy A. I., Kuznetsova I. B. Vliyaniye tsitokininov na protsess pobegoobrazovaniya rasteniy krasnoy smorodiny na etape “sobstvenno mikrorazmnozheniye” [The effect of cytokinins on the process of shoot formation of red currant plants at the stage of “true micropropagation”] // Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2020. No. 3 (83). Pp. 101-103. DOI: 10.37670/2073-0853-2020-83-3-101-103. (In Russian.) Milekhina N. V., Skovorodnikov D. N. Vliyaniye proizvodnykh difenilmocheviny na vvedeniye v kul’turu in vitro yagodnykh rasteniy [Influence of diphenyl-urea derivatives on small fruit introduction in culture in vitro] // Bulletin of the Bryansk State Agricultural Academy. 2017. No. 4 (62). Pp. 30-34. (In Russian.) Milekhina N. V., Skovorodnikov D. N. Vliyaniye proizvodnykh difenilmocheviny na vvedeniye v kul’turu in vitro yagodnykh rasteniy [Influence of diphenyl-urea derivatives on small fruit introduction in culture in vitro] // Bulletin of the Bryansk State Agricultural Academy. 2017. No. 4 (62). Pp. 30-34. (In Russian.) Matsneva O. V., Tashmatova L. V. Klonal’noye mikrorazmnozheniye zemlyaniki - perspektivnyy metod sovremennogo pitomnikovodstva (obzor) [Clonal micro-propagation of strawberries is a promising method of modern nursery practice (review)] // Contemporary Horticulture. 2019. No. 4. Pp. 113-119. DOI: 10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10411. (In Russian.) Matsneva O. V., Tashmatova L. V. Klonal’noye mikrorazmnozheniye zemlyaniki - perspektivnyy metod sovremennogo pitomnikovodstva (obzor) [Clonal micro-propagation of strawberries is a promising method of modern nursery practice (review)] // Contemporary Horticulture. 2019. No. 4. Pp. 113-119. DOI: 10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10411. (In Russian.) Sidorevich M. S. Razrabotka etapa mikroklonal’nogo razmnozheniya v introduktsii smorodiny krovavo-krasnoy [Development of the stage of microclonal propagation in the introduction of blood-red currant] // Ustoychivoye razvitiye: regional’nyye aspekty: sbornik materialov XI Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii molodykh uchenykh. Brest, 2019. Pp. 429-431. (In Russian.) Sidorevich M. S. Razrabotka etapa mikroklonal’nogo razmnozheniya v introduktsii smorodiny krovavo-krasnoy [Development of the stage of microclonal propagation in the introduction of blood-red currant] // Ustoychivoye razvitiye: regional’nyye aspekty: sbornik materialov XI Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii molodykh uchenykh. Brest, 2019. Pp. 429-431. (In Russian.) Kim K. W., Byun M. S., Kang M. S. Effect of ABA and agar in preventing vertitication of carnation plantlets cultured in vitro // Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science. 1988. Vol. 29. No. 3. Pp. 208-215. Kim K. W., Byun M. S., Kang M. S. Effect of ABA and agar in preventing vertitication of carnation plantlets cultured in vitro // Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science. 1988. Vol. 29. No. 3. Pp. 208-215. Karipbayeva R. K., Kanayev A. T., Ismailova M. E., Khani A. B. Adaptatsiya regenerantov smorodiny MeyYera (Ribes Meyeri) k usloviyam ex vitro [Adaptation of Meyer currant regenerants (Ribes Meyeri) to ex vitro conditions] // Ustoychivoye razvitiye territoriy: teoriya i praktika: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Sibay, 2020. Pp. 159-161. (In Russian.) Karipbayeva R. K., Kanayev A. T., Ismailova M. E., Khani A. B. Adaptatsiya regenerantov smorodiny MeyYera (Ribes Meyeri) k usloviyam ex vitro [Adaptation of Meyer currant regenerants (Ribes Meyeri) to ex vitro conditions] // Ustoychivoye razvitiye territoriy: teoriya i praktika: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Sibay, 2020. Pp. 159-161. (In Russian.) Demenko V. I., Lebedev V. G. Adaptatsiya rasteniy, poluchennykh in vitro, k nesteril’nym usloviyam [Adaptation of plants obtained in vitro to non-sterile conditions] // Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2011. No 1. Pp. 60-70. (In Russian.) Demenko V. I., Lebedev V. G. Adaptatsiya rasteniy, poluchennykh in vitro, k nesteril’nym usloviyam [Adaptation of plants obtained in vitro to non-sterile conditions] // Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2011. No 1. Pp. 60-70. (In Russian.) Ivanova-Khanina L. V. Adaptatsiya rasteniy-regenerantov ezheviki k usloviyam ex vitro [Adaptation of blackberry plants-regenerators to ex vitro conditions] // Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry. 2019. Vol. 5 (71). No. 1. Pp. 30-39. (In Russian.) Ivanova-Khanina L. V. Adaptatsiya rasteniy-regenerantov ezheviki k usloviyam ex vitro [Adaptation of blackberry plants-regenerators to ex vitro conditions] // Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry. 2019. Vol. 5 (71). No. 1. Pp. 30-39. (In Russian.) Crane J., Hughes H. Medium overlays for improved hardening of micropropagated potatoes // Horticultural Science. 1990. Vol. 25 (7). Pp. 794-795. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.25.7.794. Crane J., Hughes H. Medium overlays for improved hardening of micropropagated potatoes // Horticultural Science. 1990. Vol. 25 (7). Pp. 794-795. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.25.7.794. Giang D. T. T., Tanaka M. Photoautotrophic micropropagation of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) using disposable, gas permeable film vessel // Propagation of Ornamental Plants. 2004. Vol. 4 (2). Pp. 41-47. Giang D. T. T., Tanaka M. Photoautotrophic micropropagation of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) using disposable, gas permeable film vessel // Propagation of Ornamental Plants. 2004. Vol. 4 (2). Pp. 41-47. Xiao Y., Kozai T. Comparison of micropropagation costs by photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic systems // Agricell Report. 2004. Vol. 4. Pp. 5-7. Xiao Y., Kozai T. Comparison of micropropagation costs by photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic systems // Agricell Report. 2004. Vol. 4. Pp. 5-7. Gront B. W. W. Photosynthesis of regenerated plantles in vitro and the stresses of transplantins // Acta Horticulturae. 1988. Vol. 230. Pp. 129-135. Gront B. W. W. Photosynthesis of regenerated plantles in vitro and the stresses of transplantins // Acta Horticulturae. 1988. Vol. 230. Pp. 129-135. Pavlova I. A., Gavrilenko I. V., Matyash Yu. S., Gavrilenko A. V., Shanin D. A., Likhovskoy V. V., Goncharenko V. A. Faktory effektivnoy adaptatsii rasteniy vinograda in vitro k usloviyam ex vitro [Original research factors of effective adaptation of grape plants in vitro to ex vitro conditions] // Magarach. Viticulture and winemaking. 2021. Vol. 23. No. 3. Pp. 226-232. DOI: 10.35547/IM.2021.30.22.003. (In Russian.) Pavlova I. A., Gavrilenko I. V., Matyash Yu. S., Gavrilenko A. V., Shanin D. A., Likhovskoy V. V., Goncharenko V. A. Faktory effektivnoy adaptatsii rasteniy vinograda in vitro k usloviyam ex vitro [Original research factors of effective adaptation of grape plants in vitro to ex vitro conditions] // Magarach. Viticulture and winemaking. 2021. Vol. 23. No. 3. Pp. 226-232. DOI: 10.35547/IM.2021.30.22.003. (In Russian.) Polyakov S. A., Rastorguyev S. L., Verzilin A. V. Adaptatsiya rasteniy-regenerantov zemlyaniki k nesteril’nym usloviyam [Adaptation of strawberry regenerated plants to non-sterile conditions] // Povysheniye effektivnosti sadovodstva v sovremennykh usloviyakh: materialy vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Michurinsk, 2003. Vol. 2. Pp. 335-339. (In Russian.) Polyakov S. A., Rastorguyev S. L., Verzilin A. V. Adaptatsiya rasteniy-regenerantov zemlyaniki k nesteril’nym usloviyam [Adaptation of strawberry regenerated plants to non-sterile conditions] // Povysheniye effektivnosti sadovodstva v sovremennykh usloviyakh: materialy vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Michurinsk, 2003. Vol. 2. Pp. 335-339. (In Russian.) Burgutin A. B. Mikroklonal’noye razmnozheniye rasteniy vinograda. Perevod probirochnykh rasteniy v pochvennuyu kul’turu [Micropropagation of grapes. Converting Test Tube Plants to Soil Culture] // Biologiya kul’tiviruyemykh kletok i biotekhnologiya: tezisy dokladov mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii. Novosibirsk, 1988. P. 12. (In Russian.) Burgutin A. B. Mikroklonal’noye razmnozheniye rasteniy vinograda. Perevod probirochnykh rasteniy v pochvennuyu kul’turu [Micropropagation of grapes. Converting Test Tube Plants to Soil Culture] // Biologiya kul’tiviruyemykh kletok i biotekhnologiya: tezisy dokladov mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii. Novosibirsk, 1988. P. 12. (In Russian.) Zhang B., Stoltz L. P. Acclimatization systems for Euphorbia fulgens microcuttings // HortScience. 1989. Vol. 24 (6). Pp. 1025-1026. Zhang B., Stoltz L. P. Acclimatization systems for Euphorbia fulgens microcuttings // HortScience. 1989. Vol. 24 (6). Pp. 1025-1026. Kornatskiy S. A. Naiboleye znachimyye elementy promyshlennoy tekhnologii klonal’nogo mikrorazmnozheniya drevesnykh kul’tur [The most significant elements of the industrial technology of clonal micropropagation of tree crops] // Promyshlennoye proizvodstvo ozdorovlennogo posadochnogo materiala plodovykh, yagodnykh i tsvetochno-dekorativnykh kul’tur: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Moscow, 2001. Pp. 103-104. (In Russian.) Kornatskiy S. A. Naiboleye znachimyye elementy promyshlennoy tekhnologii klonal’nogo mikrorazmnozheniya drevesnykh kul’tur [The most significant elements of the industrial technology of clonal micropropagation of tree crops] // Promyshlennoye proizvodstvo ozdorovlennogo posadochnogo materiala plodovykh, yagodnykh i tsvetochno-dekorativnykh kul’tur: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Moscow, 2001. Pp. 103-104. (In Russian.) Makarov S. S., Kuznetsova I. B., Chudetskiy A. I. Izucheniye protsessa adaptatsii krasnoy smorodiny in vitro k nesteril’nym usloviyam in vivo [Studies on the adaptation process of red currant in vitro to non-sterile conditions in vivo] // Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2020. No. 5 (85). Pp. 104-107. DOI: 10.37670/2073-0853-2020-85-5-104-107. (In Russian.) Makarov S. S., Kuznetsova I. B., Chudetskiy A. I. Izucheniye protsessa adaptatsii krasnoy smorodiny in vitro k nesteril’nym usloviyam in vivo [Studies on the adaptation process of red currant in vitro to non-sterile conditions in vivo] // Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2020. No. 5 (85). Pp. 104-107. DOI: 10.37670/2073-0853-2020-85-5-104-107. (In Russian.) Kovaleva I. S., Matsneva A. E., Khanbabayeva O. E., Mazayeva A. S. Vvedeniye v kul’turu in vitro i klonal’noye mikrorazmnozheniye perspektivnogo seyantsa smorodiny chernoy (Rubes nigrum L.) [The introduction to culture in vitro and clonal micropropagation of perspective seedling of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.)] // The Bulletin of KrasGAU. 2019. No. 12 (153). Pp. 43-48. DOI: 10.36718/1819-4036-2019-12-43-48. (In Russian.) Kovaleva I. S., Matsneva A. E., Khanbabayeva O. E., Mazayeva A. S. Vvedeniye v kul’turu in vitro i klonal’noye mikrorazmnozheniye perspektivnogo seyantsa smorodiny chernoy (Rubes nigrum L.) [The introduction to culture in vitro and clonal micropropagation of perspective seedling of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.)] // The Bulletin of KrasGAU. 2019. No. 12 (153). Pp. 43-48. DOI: 10.36718/1819-4036-2019-12-43-48. (In Russian.) Muratova S. A., Trunov I. A., Melekhov I. D. Osnovnyye faktory, opredelyayushchiye uspekh perevoda mikrorasteniy v nesteril’nyye usloviya [Main factors determining the success of the transfer of microplants to non-sterile conditions] // Nauka i obrazovaniye. 2020. Vol. 3. No. 4. Pp. 298. (In Russian.) Muratova S. A., Trunov I. A., Melekhov I. D. Osnovnyye faktory, opredelyayushchiye uspekh perevoda mikrorasteniy v nesteril’nyye usloviya [Main factors determining the success of the transfer of microplants to non-sterile conditions] // Nauka i obrazovaniye. 2020. Vol. 3. No. 4. Pp. 298. (In Russian.) Trunov I. A., Khoroshkova Yu. V. Optimizatsiya usloviy rosta mikrorasteniy sadovykh kul’tur na etape adaptatsii [Optimization of growing conditions of microplants of horticultural crops on the adaptation stage] // Bulletin of Michurinsk State Agrarian University. 2020. No. 1. Pp. 90-97. (In Russian.) Trunov I. A., Khoroshkova Yu. V. Optimizatsiya usloviy rosta mikrorasteniy sadovykh kul’tur na etape adaptatsii [Optimization of growing conditions of microplants of horticultural crops on the adaptation stage] // Bulletin of Michurinsk State Agrarian University. 2020. No. 1. Pp. 90-97. (In Russian.) Byadovskiy I. A. Optimizatsiya usloviy rosta kostochkovykh kul’tur posle mikrorazmnozheniya: avtoref. dis. … kand. s.-kh. nauk [Optimization of growth conditions for stone fruit crops after micropropagation: abstract of the dissertation … candidate of agricultural sciences]. Moscow: Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, 2007. 25 p. (In Russian.) Byadovskiy I. A. Optimizatsiya usloviy rosta kostochkovykh kul’tur posle mikrorazmnozheniya: avtoref. dis. … kand. s.-kh. nauk [Optimization of growth conditions for stone fruit crops after micropropagation: abstract of the dissertation … candidate of agricultural sciences]. Moscow: Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, 2007. 25 p. (In Russian.) Pierik R. L. M., Steegmans H. H. M., Sprenkels P. A. Micropropagation of lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) // Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry. 1992. Vol. 20. Pp. 407-426. Pierik R. L. M., Steegmans H. H. M., Sprenkels P. A. Micropropagation of lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) // Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry. 1992. Vol. 20. Pp. 407-426. Pavlova I. A., Klimenko V. P. Modelirovaniye klimaticheskikh usloviy dlya adaptatsii rasteniy vinograda in vitro k usloviyam in vivo [Modeling of the climatic conditions for the adaptation of grape plants in vitro to conditions in vivo] // Scientific works of SKFNTsSVV. 2019. Vol. 25. Pp. 164-168. DOI: 10.30679/2587-9847-2019-25-164-168. (In Russian.) Pavlova I. A., Klimenko V. P. Modelirovaniye klimaticheskikh usloviy dlya adaptatsii rasteniy vinograda in vitro k usloviyam in vivo [Modeling of the climatic conditions for the adaptation of grape plants in vitro to conditions in vivo] // Scientific works of SKFNTsSVV. 2019. Vol. 25. Pp. 164-168. DOI: 10.30679/2587-9847-2019-25-164-168. (In Russian.) Klimenko V. P., Pavlova I. A. Sozdaniye posadochnogo materiala vinograda vysokikh biologicheskikh kategoriy kachestva na osnove ispol’zovaniya sovremennykh agrobiotekhnologiy [Production of grapevine planting material of high biological quality using modern agribiotechnologies] // Magarach. Viticulture and winemaking. 2018. No. 4. Pp. 34-36. (In Russian.) Klimenko V. P., Pavlova I. A. Sozdaniye posadochnogo materiala vinograda vysokikh biologicheskikh kategoriy kachestva na osnove ispol’zovaniya sovremennykh agrobiotekhnologiy [Production of grapevine planting material of high biological quality using modern agribiotechnologies] // Magarach. Viticulture and winemaking. 2018. No. 4. Pp. 34-36. (In Russian.)