<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Agrarian Bulletin of the</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Agrarian Bulletin of the</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Аграрный вестник Урала</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1997-4868</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2307-0005</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">73929</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32417/1997-4868-2024-24-01-46-58</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Биология</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Biology</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Биология</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">The composition of the microflora of the digestive system chyme and dairy productivity of cows during the milking period under the influence of a complex biological preparation</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Состав микрофлоры химуса пищеварительной системы и молочная продуктивность коров в период раздоя под влиянием комплексного биопрепарата</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Йылдырым</surname>
       <given-names>Елена Александровна </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yyldyrym</surname>
       <given-names>Elena Aleksandrovna </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>deniz@biotrof.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор биологических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of sciences in biology;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-4844</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ильина</surname>
       <given-names>Лариса Александровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ilina</surname>
       <given-names>Larisa A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Калиткина</surname>
       <given-names>Ксения Андреевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kalitkina</surname>
       <given-names>Kseniya Andreevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Дубровин</surname>
       <given-names>Андрей Валерьевич </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dubrovin</surname>
       <given-names>Andrey Valer'evich </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет</institution>
     <city>Sankt-Peterburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «БИОТРОФ»</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">LLC BIOTROF</institution>
     <city>St. Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University</institution>
     <city>St. Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «БИОТРОФ»</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">ООО «БИОТРОФ»</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-02-01T10:48:52+03:00">
    <day>01</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-02-01T10:48:52+03:00">
    <day>01</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>24</volume>
   <issue>01</issue>
   <fpage>46</fpage>
   <lpage>58</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-01T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>01</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://usau.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/73929/view">https://usau.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/73929/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Аннотация. Понимание взаимосвязей между микробиомом пищеварительной системы, применением пробиотических добавок и зоотехническими показателями у коров является ключом к разработке новых стратегий для повышения надоев. Цель исследований – изучить состав микрофлоры химуса пищеварительной системы и молочной продуктивности коров под влиянием комплексного биопрепарата. Методы исследования. Эксперимент проводили на коровах черно-пестрой голштинизированной породы. Были сформированы группы: контрольная I (получавшая основной рацион (ОР)) и опытная II (получавшая ОР и кормовую добавку «АнтиКлос»). Бактериальное сообщество рубца оценивали методом NGS-секвенирования, микрофлору кишечника, подстилки и корма – с использованием ПЦР в реальном времени. Результаты показали, что применение кормовой добавки «АнтиКлос» на поголовье скота позволило увеличить среднесуточные надои до 7,5 кг по сравнению с контролем I (P ≤ 0,05). Самыми обильно представленными (P ≤ 0,05) в рубце оказались бактерии Bacteroidetes – от 20,9 ± 4,36 и до 55,3 ± 6,74 %. Впервые показано, что под влиянием введения в рацион кормовой добавки «АнтиКлос» произошло также снижение в 16,1 раза бактерий филума Fusobacteria в опытной группе II по сравнению с контролем I (P ≤ 0,05). Кроме того, применение кормовой добавки «АнтиКлос» приводило к полному исчезновению в рубце и таких видов, как Streptococcus caprae, S. didelphis, Mycoplasma conjunctivae, среди которых нередко встречаются условно-патогенные и патогенные формы, что составляет научную новизну исследования. В корме с кормового стола, подстилке и прямой кишке практически всех исследованных дойных коров встречались сходные таксоны бактерий. В химусе прямой кишки коров опытной группы снижалось по сравнению с контролем I количество таких таксонов, как Clostridium spp., Enterobacteriaceae и Staphylococcus spp. (P ≤ 0,05). Таким образом, необходимо уделять внимание увеличению эффективности животноводства путем регуляции микробиомов коров, а также микрофлоры кормов и мест содержания.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Abstract. Understanding the relationships between the microbiome of the digestive system, the use of probiotic supplements and zootechnical indicators in cows is the key to developing new strategies to increase milk yields. Purpose of research to study the composition of the microflora of the digestive system chyme and dairy productivity of cows under the influence of a complex biological preparation. Research methods. The experiment was carried out on of cows of black-and-white holsteinized. Groups were formed: control group I (who received the main ration (MR)) and experimental group II (who received MR and the “AntiKlos” feed additive). The bacterial community of the scar was evaluated by NGS-sequencing, the intestinal microflora, litter and feed were evaluated using real-time PCR. Results showed that the use of the “AntiKlos” feed additive on livestock allowed to increase the average daily milk yield to 7.5 kg compared with control I (P = 0.05). The bacteria Bacteroidetes were the most abundantly represented (P ≤ 0.05) in the rumen – from 20.9 ± 4.36 and up to 55.3 ± 6.74 %. It was shown for the first time that under the influence of the introduction of the “AntiKlos” feed additive into the diet, there was also a 16.1-fold decrease in Fusobacteria phylum bacteria in experimental group II compared with control I (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the use of the “AntiKlos” feed additive led to the complete disappearance of such species as Streptococcus caprae, S. didelphis, Mycoplasma conjunctivae in the rumen, among which opportunistic and pathogenic forms are often found, which is the scientific novelty of the study. Similar bacterial taxa were found in the food from the feed table, litter and rectum of almost all the dairy cows studied. In the rectal chyme of cows of the experimental group, the number of taxa such as Clostridium spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. decreased in comparison with control I (P ≤ 0.05). Thus it is necessary to pay attention to increasing the efficiency of animal husbandry by regulating the microbiomes of cows, as well as the microflora of feed and housing sites.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>микробиом</kwd>
    <kwd>рубец</kwd>
    <kwd>кишечник</kwd>
    <kwd>NGS-секвенирование</kwd>
    <kwd>АнтиКлос</kwd>
    <kwd>количественная ПЦР</kwd>
    <kwd>крупный рогатый скот</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>microbiome</kwd>
    <kwd>scar</kwd>
    <kwd>intestine</kwd>
    <kwd>NGS-sequencing</kwd>
    <kwd>AntiKlos</kwd>
    <kwd>quantitative PCR</kwd>
    <kwd>cattle</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hua D., Hendriks W. H., Xiong B., Pellikaan W. F. Starch and Cellulose Degradation in the Rumen and Applications of Metagenomics on Ruminal Microorganisms // Animals (Basel). 2022. No 12 (21). Article number 3020. DOI: 10.3390/ani12213020.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hua D., Hendriks W. H., Xiong B., Pellikaan W. F. Starch and Cellulose Degradation in the Rumen and Applications of Metagenomics on Ruminal Microorganisms // Animals (Basel). 2022. No 12 (21). Article number 3020. DOI: 10.3390/ani12213020.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nogal A., Valdes A. M., Menni C. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between gut microbiota and diet in cardio-metabolic health // Gut microbes. 2021. No 13 (1). DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1897212.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nogal A., Valdes A. M., Menni C. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between gut microbiota and diet in cardio-metabolic health // Gut microbes. 2021. No 13 (1). DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1897212.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu Q., Qiao Q., Gao Y., Hou J., Hu M., Du Y., Zhao K., Li X. Gut Microbiota and Their Role in Health and Metabolic Disease of Dairy Cow // Frontiers in nutrition. 2021. No. 8. Article number 701511. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.701511.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu Q., Qiao Q., Gao Y., Hou J., Hu M., Du Y., Zhao K., Li X. Gut Microbiota and Their Role in Health and Metabolic Disease of Dairy Cow // Frontiers in nutrition. 2021. No. 8. Article number 701511. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.701511.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gross J. J., Bruckmaier R. M. Review: Metabolic challenges in lactating dairy cows and their assessment via established and novel indicators in milk // Animal. 2019. No 13 (S1). Pp. s75-s81. DOI: 10.1017/S175173111800349X.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gross J. J., Bruckmaier R. M. Review: Metabolic challenges in lactating dairy cows and their assessment via established and novel indicators in milk // Animal. 2019. No 13 (S1). Pp. s75-s81. DOI: 10.1017/S175173111800349X.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simpson K. M., Callan R. J., Van Metre D. C. Clostridial Abomasitis and Enteritis in Ruminants // The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice. 2018. No. 34 (1). Pp. 155-184. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.10.010.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simpson K. M., Callan R. J., Van Metre D. C. Clostridial Abomasitis and Enteritis in Ruminants // The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice. 2018. No. 34 (1). Pp. 155-184. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.10.010.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nalla K., Manda N. K., Dhillon H. S., Kanade S. R., Rokana N., Hess M., Puniya A. K. Impact of Probiotics on Dairy Production Efficiency // Frontiers in microbiology. 2022. No. 13. Article number 805963. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.805963.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nalla K., Manda N. K., Dhillon H. S., Kanade S. R., Rokana N., Hess M., Puniya A. K. Impact of Probiotics on Dairy Production Efficiency // Frontiers in microbiology. 2022. No. 13. Article number 805963. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.805963.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cull C., Singu V. K., Cull B. J., Lechtenberg K. F., Amachawadi R. G., Schutz J. S., Bryan K. A. Efficacy of Two Probiotic Products Fed Daily to Reduce Clostridium perfringens-Based Adverse Health and Performance Effects in Dairy Calves // Antibiotics (Basel). 2022. No. 11 (11). Article number 1513. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111513.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cull C., Singu V. K., Cull B. J., Lechtenberg K. F., Amachawadi R. G., Schutz J. S., Bryan K. A. Efficacy of Two Probiotic Products Fed Daily to Reduce Clostridium perfringens-Based Adverse Health and Performance Effects in Dairy Calves // Antibiotics (Basel). 2022. No. 11 (11). Article number 1513. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111513.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Attwood G. T., Wakelin S. A., Leahy S. C., Rowe S., Clarke S., Chapman D. F., Muirhead R., Jacobs J. M. E. Applications of the Soil, Plant and Rumen Microbiomes in Pastoral Agriculture // Frontiers in nutrition. 2019. No. 6. Article number 107. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00107.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Attwood G. T., Wakelin S. A., Leahy S. C., Rowe S., Clarke S., Chapman D. F., Muirhead R., Jacobs J. M. E. Applications of the Soil, Plant and Rumen Microbiomes in Pastoral Agriculture // Frontiers in nutrition. 2019. No. 6. Article number 107. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00107.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monteiro H. F., Faciola A. P. Ruminal acidosis, bacterial changes, and lipopolysaccharides // Journal of animal science. 2020. No. 98 (8). Article number skaa248. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa248.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monteiro H. F., Faciola A. P. Ruminal acidosis, bacterial changes, and lipopolysaccharides // Journal of animal science. 2020. No. 98 (8). Article number skaa248. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa248.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al Sharaby A., Abugoukh T. M., Ahmed W., Ahmed S., Elshaikh A. O. Do Probiotics Prevent Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea? // Cureus. 2022. No. 14 (8). Article number e27624. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27624.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al Sharaby A., Abugoukh T. M., Ahmed W., Ahmed S., Elshaikh A. O. Do Probiotics Prevent Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea? // Cureus. 2022. No. 14 (8). Article number e27624. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27624.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zigo F., Farkašová Z., Výrostková J., Regecová I., Ondrašovičová S., Vargová M., Sasáková N., Pecka-Kielb E., Bursová Š., Kiss D. S. Dairy Cows' Udder Pathogens and Occurrence of Virulence Factors in Staphylococci // Animals (Basel). 2022. No. 12 (4). Article number 470. DOI: 10.3390/ani12040470.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zigo F., Farkašová Z., Výrostková J., Regecová I., Ondrašovičová S., Vargová M., Sasáková N., Pecka-Kielb E., Bursová Š., Kiss D. S. Dairy Cows' Udder Pathogens and Occurrence of Virulence Factors in Staphylococci // Animals (Basel). 2022. No. 12 (4). Article number 470. DOI: 10.3390/ani12040470.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cobirka M., Tancin V., Slama P. Epidemiology and Classification of Mastitis // Animals (Basel). 2020. No. 10 (12). Article number 2212. DOI: 10.3390/ani10122212.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cobirka M., Tancin V., Slama P. Epidemiology and Classification of Mastitis // Animals (Basel). 2020. No. 10 (12). Article number 2212. DOI: 10.3390/ani10122212.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu H., Nguyen Q. D., Tran T. T. M., Tang M. T., Tsuruta T., Nishino N. Rumen fluid, feces, milk, water, feed, airborne dust, and bedding microbiota in dairy farms managed by automatic milking systems // Animal science journal. 2019. No. 90 (3). Pp. 445-452. DOI: 10.1111/asj.13175.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu H., Nguyen Q. D., Tran T. T. M., Tang M. T., Tsuruta T., Nishino N. Rumen fluid, feces, milk, water, feed, airborne dust, and bedding microbiota in dairy farms managed by automatic milking systems // Animal science journal. 2019. No. 90 (3). Pp. 445-452. DOI: 10.1111/asj.13175.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J. S., Lee M. S., Kim J. H. Recent Updates on Outbreaks of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Its Potential Reservoirs // Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. 2020. No. 10. Pp. 273. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00273.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J. S., Lee M. S., Kim J. H. Recent Updates on Outbreaks of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Its Potential Reservoirs // Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. 2020. No. 10. Pp. 273. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00273.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aytekin İ, Altay Y, Boztepe S, Keskin İ, Zulkadir U. The effect of body cleanliness (hygiene) score on some criteria used in the detection milk quality in dairy cattle // Large Animal Review. 2021. No. 27 (2). Pp. 69-74.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aytekin İ, Altay Y, Boztepe S, Keskin İ, Zulkadir U. The effect of body cleanliness (hygiene) score on some criteria used in the detection milk quality in dairy cattle // Large Animal Review. 2021. No. 27 (2). Pp. 69-74.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
