Agrarian Bulletin of the Agrarian Bulletin of the Аграрный вестник Урала 1997-4868 2307-0005 73930 10.32417/1997-4868-2024-24-01-59-85 Биология Biology Биология Functional morpho-densitometric parameters of chromatin of the nucleus and cytoplasm of erythroblasts and red blood cells of birds in postembryonic ontogenesis Функциональные морфоденситометрические параметры хроматина ядра и цитоплазмы эритробластов и эритроцитов птиц в постэмбриональном онтогенезе https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-651X Колесник Евгений Анатольевич Kolesnik Evgeniy Anatolyevich evgeniy251082@mail.ru

доктор биологических наук;

doctor of sciences in biology;

 Дерхо Марина Аркадьевна Derkho Marina A.

доктор биологических наук;

doctor of sciences in biology;

 Ребезов Максим Борисович Rebezov Maksim Borisovich

доктор сельскохозяйственных наук;

doctor of agricultural sciences;

 ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева» Москва Россия Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev Moscow Russian Federation Южно-Уральский государственный аграрный университет Троицк Россия Южно-Уральский государственный аграрный университет Троицк Russian Federation Южно-Уральский государственный университет Россия Южно-Уральский государственный университет Russian Federation 01 02 2024 01 02 2024 24 01 59 85 01 02 2024 https://usau.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/73930/view

Аннотация. Цель – характеристика развития синтетической активности полихроматофильных эритробластов и эритроцитов, в частности статуса гемоглобин-синтезируемой функции клеток эритроидного ряда птиц в раннем постэмбриональном онтогенезе. Методы. Экспериментальная часть исследования была выполнена в условиях ООО «Чебаркульская птица» (Чебаркульский район Челябинской области, Россия). Изучалась цельная кровь кур-бройлеров Hubbard ISA F15 четырех возрастных групп (n = 40): I группа – 1-суточные птенцы; II – 7-суточные цыплята; III – 23-суточные бройлеры; IV – 42-суточные куры. Научная новизна. Цитофизиологические и эпигенетические параметры синтеза гемоглобина эритробластами и юными эритроцитами важны в выяснении регуляции функций клеток крови в норме, адаптации и при нарушениях. Критерии синтетической активности эритробластов и созревающих эритроцитов животных и человека – это оптическая плотность как показатель концентрации эухроматина и метаболической динамики цитоплазмы, а также площадь, как показатель распределения эухроматина в строме ядра и размера цитоплазмы. Результаты. На модельном организме бройлерных кур по результатам расчета спектральных, морфометрических и оптикометрических величин ядерного хроматина, цитоплазмы и их индексируемых соотношений для полихроматофильных эритробластов и эритроцитов – был охарактеризован синтез гемоглобина в раннем постэмбриональном онтогенезе. По результатам определения геометрических (n = 30) и оптических (n = 300) параметров эухроматина, гетерохроматина ядра и цитоплазмы были рассчитаны их соотношения и индексы для полихроматофильных эритробластов, полихроматофильных эритроцитов и зрелых эритроцитов в мазках периферической крови (n = 158), окрашенных по Паппенгейму. Цитохимические реакции, отражающие физиолого-биохимические взаимосвязи эритробластов и эритроцитов, – это основа комплексного морфоденситометрического теста уровня активности синтеза гемоглобина клетками эритроидного ряда в раннем постнатальном онтогенезе.

Abstract. The purpose is to characterize the development of the synthetic activity of polychromatophilic erythroblasts and erythrocytes, in particular the status of the hemoglobin-synthesized function of avian erythroid cells in early postembryonic ontogenesis. Methods. The experimental part of the study was carried out in the conditions poultry farm of “Chebarkul’skaya ptitsa” (Chebarkul district of the Chelyabinsk region, Russia). The whole blood of Hubbard ISA F15 broiler chickens of four age groups (n = 40) was studied: group I – 1-day-old chicks; II – 7-day-old chickens; III – 23-day-old broilers; IV – 42-day-old chickens. The scientific novelty. Functional morpho-densitometric parameters of chromatin of the nucleus and cytoplasm of erythroblasts and red blood cells of birds in postembryonic ontogenesis. Cytophysiological and epigenetic parameters of hemoglobin synthesis by erythroblasts and young erythrocytes are important in elucidating the regulation of the functions of blood cells in normal, adaptation and disorders. Criteria for the synthetic activity of erythroblasts and maturing erythrocytes of animals and humans are optical density as an indicator of the concentration of euchromatin and the metabolic dynamics of the cytoplasm, as well as area as an indicator of the distribution of euchromatin in the stroma of the nucleus and the size’s of the cytoplasm. Results. According to the results of calculation of spectral, morphometric and opticometric values of nuclear chromatin, cytoplasm and their indexed ratios for polychromatophilic erythroblasts and erythrocytes, hemoglobin synthesis in early postembryonic ontogenesis is characterized on a model organism of broiler chickens. According to the results of determining the geometric (n = 30) and optical (n = 300) parameters of euchromatin, heterochromatin of the nucleus and cytoplasm, their ratios and indices were calculated for polychromatophilic erythroblasts, polychromatophilic erythrocytes and mature erythrocytes in peripheral blood smears (n = 158) stained by Pappenheim. Cytochemical reactions reflecting the physiological and biochemical interrelations of erythroblasts and erythrocytes are the basis of a complex morpho-densitometric test of the activity level of hemoglobin synthesis by erythroid cells in early postnatal ontogenesis.

 эритробласты эритроциты эухроматин гетерохроматин цитоплазма гемоглобин морфоденситометрические параметры эпигенетика оптическая плотность erythroblasts red blood cells euchromatin heterochromatin cytoplasm hemoglobin morpho-densitometric parameters epigenetics optical density

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