Agrarian Bulletin of the Agrarian Bulletin of the Аграрный вестник Урала 1997-4868 2307-0005 73933 10.32417/1997-4868-2024-24-01-108-118 Биология Biology Биология Determination of the relationship between SNP genotypes and the content of fatty acids of various spatial configurations in cow milk Определение взаимосвязи генотипов SNP с содержанием жирных кислот различной пространственной конфигурации в молоке коров Степанов Алексей Владимирович Stepanov Aleksey Vladimirovich

кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук;

candidate of agricultural sciences;

 Быкова Ольга Александровна Bykova Ol'ga Aleksandrovna

доктор сельскохозяйственных наук;

doctor of agricultural sciences;

 Костюнина Ольга Васильевна V. Kostyunina O. V.

доктор биологических наук;

doctor of sciences in biology;

 Пильникова С. Д. Pil'nikova S. D. Уральский государственный аграрный университет Россия Уральский государственный аграрный университет Russian Federation Уральский государственный аграрный университет Россия Уральский государственный аграрный университет Russian Federation Всероссийский институт животноводства им. Л. К. Эрнста Россия All-Russian Institute of animal husbandry named after L. K. Ernst Russian Federation Уральский государственный аграрный университет Россия Уральский государственный аграрный университет Russian Federation Уральский государственный аграрный университет Россия Уральский государственный аграрный университет Russian Federation 01 02 2024 01 02 2024 24 01 108 118 01 02 2024 https://usau.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/73933/view

Аннотация. Жирные кислоты в молочном жире имеют различные пространственные конфигурации. Длительное употребление транс-изомеров жирных кислот вызывает различные заболевания организма человека. Информация об уровне содержания ненасыщенных жирных кислот в трансконфигурации в составе молочного жира дает возможность использования этого признака в селекционной работе. Научная новизна заключается в изучении молекулярно-генетических механизмов регулирования количественного содержания жирных кислот и их транс-изомеров в жировой фракции молока коров. Цель работы – выявление аллельных вариантов SNP, ассоциированных с жирнокислотным составом молока коров и содержанием в нем транс-изомеров ненасыщенных жирных кислот. Методы исследований. Исследования проведены на коровах голштинизированной черно-пестрой породы. Изучен генетический профиль животных голштинизированной черно-пестрой породы, идентифицированы SNP, значимо ассоциированные с количественным и качественным содержанием жирных кислот и их транс-изомеров в жировой фракции молока коров. Жирнокислотный состав молока коров определяли с помощью мультипараметрического автоматического анализатора MilkoScan 7/Fossomatic 7 FТ+ / DC. Результаты. Проведено полногеномное генотипирование. Достоверная разница между количеством жирных кислот и генотипами установлена только по 5 SNP. Установлено, что по четырем SNP наибольшие значения содержания жирных кислот и транс-изомеров были у гомозиготных генотипов ARS-BFGL-NGS-41348GG; BTA-115852-no-rsAA; BTB-00771463GG; Hapmap46159-BTA-70956TT. Достоверная разница по содержанию в молоке транс-изомеров жирных кислот между генотипами обнаружена только по SNP ARS-BFGL-NGS-5502. Наибольшая массовая доля транс-изомеров ненасыщенных жирных кислот установлена в молочном жире коров с гетерозиготным генотипом AG, что составило 0,076 г/100 г и было на 0,011 г/100 г и 0,032 г / 100 г (Р ≤ 0,01) больше по сравнению с гетерозиготными генотипами GG и AA соответственно.

Abstract. Milk fat is the third main source of lipids for human nutrition. Fatty acids in milk fat have a heterogeneous composition due to differences in chain length, degree of saturation, etc. It has been scientifically proven that long-term consumption of trans-fatty acids causes various diseases of the human body; according to WHO recommendations, their maximum consumption should not exceed 1 % of total energy. A comprehensive study of the composition of fatty acids in cattle milk gives scientists the opportunity to use this trait in breeding work by selecting genotypes with a low content of trans-isomers and saturated fatty acids harmful to human health. The scientific novelty lies in the study of molecular genetic mechanisms for regulating the quantitative content of fatty acids and their trans-isomers in the fat fraction of cow's milk. The purpose of the work is to identify allelic variants of SNPs associated with the fatty acid composition of cow's milk and the content of trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids in it. Research methods. The studies were carried out on cows of the Holstein black-and-white breed. The genetic profile of animals of the Holstein black-and-white breed was studied, SNPs significantly associated with the quantitative and qualitative content of fatty acids and their trans-isomers in the fat fraction of cow's milk were identified. The fatty acid composition of cows' milk was determined using a multiparameter automatic analyzer MilkoScan 7/Fossomatic 7 FT+ / DC (FOSS, Denmark). Results. Whole-genome genotyping was performed. Analyzing the content of fatty acids with different saturation of hydrogen bonds, a significant difference between the amount of fatty acids and genotypes, reliable values were established only for 5 SNPs. It was found that for four SNPs, the highest values of the content of fatty acids and trans-isomers were in homozygous genotypes ARS-BFGL-NGS-41348GG; BTA-115852-no-rsAA; BTB-00771463GG; Hapmap46159-BTA-70956TT. A significant difference in the content of trans-fatty acid isomers in milk between genotypes was found only for SNP ARS-BFGL-NGS-5502. The largest mass fraction of trans-isomers of unsaturated fatty acids was found in the milk fat of cows with the heterozygous genotype AG, which amounted to 0.076 g/100 g and was 0.011 g/100 g and 0.032 g/100 g (P≤0.01) more compared to heterozygous genotypes GG and AA, respectively.

 крупный рогатый скот полногеномное генотипирование жирные кислоты транс-изомеры жирных кислот ДНК-маркеры cattle genome-wide genotyping fatty acids trans isomers of fatty acids DNA markers

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