Russian Federation
V dannoy stat'e rassmotreny voprosy opredeleniya osmoticheskogo davleniya pischevyh sred na primere plodo- ovoschnyh sokov, molochnoy syvorotki i laktozy. Privedeny razrabotannaya avtorom metodika opredeleniya osmoti- cheskogo davleniya, a takzhe poluchennye rezul'taty. Pokazano, chto predpochtitel'nym metodom opredeleniya osmoti- cheskogo davleniya dlya pischevyh sred yavlyaetsya dinamicheskiy metod. Odnako primenenie etogo metoda na praktike trebuet soblyudeniya nekotoryh osobennostey, prisuschih processu obratnogo osmosa i chrezvychayno slozhnoy struk- ture issleduemogo produkta. Uchet etih osobennostey potreboval razrabotki nauchno obosnovannoy metodiki pro- vedeniya eksperimentov dlya opredeleniya osmoticheskogo davleniya slozhnyh po sostavu pischevyh sred. Predlagaetsya eksperimental'no postroit' zavisimost' V(P) i prodlit' lineynye uchastki grafika do peresecheniya s os'yu dav- leniya. Ustanovleno, chto osmoticheskoe davlenie plodoovoschnyh sokov imeet velichiny, nahodyaschiesya mezhdu znache- niyami osmoticheskogo davleniya glyukozy i saharozy. Bolee vysokoe znachenie osmoticheskogo davleniya imeyut soki s bol'shim soderzhaniem glyukozy (chernosmorodinovyy i yablochnyy), men'shie znacheniya – u sokov s bol'shim soderzha- niem saharozy (morkovnyy i svekol'nyy). Pokazano, chto osmoticheskoe davlenie tvorozhnoy i podsyrnoy syvorotki blizko po svoim znacheniyam. Nebol'shoe rashozhdenie obuslovleno tem, chto tvorozhnaya syvorotka soderzhit bol'she mineral'nyh veschestv, okazyvayuschih suschestvennoe vliyanie na osmoticheskoe davlenie rastvora. Pokazano, chto os- moticheskoe davlenie laktozy, poluchennoy iz tvorozhnoy i podsyrnoy syvorotki, prakticheski odinakovoe. Analiz privedennyh zavisimostey pokazal, chto osmoticheskoe davlenie pischevyh sred imeet tendenciyu rezkogo rosta pri koncentracii vyshe 20–25 % SV. Etot faktor, na nash vzglyad, neobhodimo uchityvat' pri vybore oborudovaniya dlya promyshlennyh membrannyh ustanovok. Opredeleno, chto pri uvelichenii koncentracii pischevyh sred mozhno dobit'sya takogo znacheniya osmoticheskogo davleniya, pri kotorom sozdayutsya neblagopriyatnye usloviya dlya razvitiya mikroorganizmov.
osmoticheskoe davlenie, obratnyy osmos, plodoovoschnye soki, molochnaya syvorotka, laktoza, ul'trafil'traciya, koncentrat, permeat.
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