Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of the research is to study the selection and genetic parameters of the characteristics of productivity and the exterior of Holstein first-calf cows, depending on their body type. Research methods. Based on the data from the SELEX database, we researched the performance indicators and measurements of the trunk of first calving cows in the amount of 4049 heads. Based on the RENUMF90 software shell of the BLUPF90 program, we obtained digital values of the genetic variability of productivity indicators and the external structure of animals in accordance with the equation of the mixed model. Results. The most broad-bodied animals classified as airysomal type had the highest milk yield in the first lactation, and exceeded animals of the leptosomal type by 563.3 kg (p ≤ 0.001). According to the "B" system, broad-bodied cows are superior to narrow-bodied animals: stature – by 1 point (p ≤ 0.001); body depth – by 0.8 points (p ≤ 0.01); rump width – by 1.9 points (p ≤ 0.001); rump angle – by 0.9 points (p ≤ 0.01); fore udder attachment – by 1 point (p ≤ 0.01). Animals of the narrow-bodied type reliably (p ≤ 0.001) had a high genetic relationship between milk yield in 305 days of first lactation and the mass fraction of protein in milk (0.59 ± 0.005). At the same time, the leptosomal type of cows also had the greatest correlation between milk yield and mass fraction of fat (0.51 ± 0.005) (p ≤ 0.001). According to body measurements, the highest correlation coefficients were found in animals of the airysomal type – 0.24 ... 0.50. All Holstein heifers of different body types have high heritability coefficients in terms of fat mass fraction (h2 = 0.37 ... 0.49) and protein mass fraction (h2 = 0.42 ... 0.51). Scientific novelty. For the first time, studies of the genetic variability of productivity indicators and the exterior of Holstein cows, depending on their body type, were conducted.
Holstein cows, body type, exterior, heritability, genetic correlation, selection
1. Celischeva O. N. Pravila ocenki korov po ekster'eru [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: https://kleverkirov.ru/library/speech/ontsielishchieva-pravila-otsienki-korov-po-ekstierieru-gh-tochka-kirov-vghskha-28-tochka-09-tochka-2016 (data obrascheniya: 06.07.2021).
2. Vel'matov A. A., Al'-Isavi A. A. H., Vel'matov A. P. [i dr.] Vliyanie tipa teloslozheniya na produktivnoe dolgoletie korov // Agrarnyy nauchnyy zhurnal. 2020. № 4. S. 51-54.
3. Lyubimov A. I., Martynova E. N., Isupova Yu. V. [i dr.] Ekster'ernye osobennosti i molochnaya produktivnost' korov cherno-pestroy porody raznyh generaciy // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskoy gosudarstvennoy akademii veterinarnoy mediciny im. N. E. Baumana. 2018. T. 233. № 1. S. 98-102.
4. Svyazhenina M. A. Ekster'er skota golshtinskoy porody // Izvestiya OGAU. 2019. № 5 (79). C. 217-219.
5. Lapina M. Yu., Abramova M. V. Dinamika pokazateley ekster'era i molochnoy produktivnosti v mikropopulyacii golshtinskogo skota // Permskiy agrarnyy vestnik. 2020. № 3 (31). S. 94-102.
6. Ayalew W., Aliy M., Negussie E. Estimation of genetic parameters of the productive and reproductive traits in Ethiopian Holstein using multi-trait models. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2017. No. 30 (11). Pp. 1550-1556. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0198.
7. Bradford H., Masuda Y., VanRaden P. M., Legarra A., Misztal I. Modeling missing pedigree in single-step genomic BLUP // Journal of Dairy Science. 2019. Vol. 102. Iss. 3. Pp. 2336-2346. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15434.
8. Aguilar I., Fernandez E. N., Blasco A., Ravagnolo O., Legarra A., A. Effects of ignoring inbreeding in model-based accuracy for BLUP and SSGBLUP // Journal of animal breeding and genetics. 2020. Vol. 137. Pp. 356-364. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12470.
9. Semenova N. V. Ocenka nasleduemosti i geneticheskih korrelyaciy produktivnyh i tehnologicheskih priznakov molochnogo skota i ih primenenie v prakticheskoy selekcii // Dostizheniya nauki i tehniki APK. 2015. № 4. S. 44-46.
10. Konte A. F., Ermilov A. N., Sermyagin A. A. Ocenka dinamiki geneticheskoy izmenchivosti dlya pokazateley tipa teloslozheniya korov-pervotelok golshtinizirovannoy cherno-pestroy porody Podmoskov'ya // Vestnik KrasGAU. 2020. №.8. S. 69-78.
11. Konte A. F., Yanchukov I. N., Bychkunova N. G., Sermyagin A. A. Vzaimosvyazi priznakov i nedostatkov ekster'era korov cherno-pestroy porody Moskovskoy oblasti // Nauchnoe obespechenie razvitiya zhivotnovodstva v Rossiyskoy Federacii: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, posvyaschennoy 90-letiyu VIZh im. akademika L. K. Ernsta. Dubrovicy, 2019. S. 249-253.
12. Lefler T. F., Kirienko N. N., Zayceva O. V. Sravnitel'naya ocenka kachestva moloka korov krasno-pestroy porody raznyh ekster'erno-konstitucional'nyh tipov // Vestnik KrasGAU. 2016. S. 28-33.
13. Vel'matov A. P., Tishkina T. N., Kostin O. V. Produktivnye osobennosti korov krasno-pestroy porody raznyh ekster'erno-konstitucional'nyh tipov // Vestnik Ul'yanovskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy akademii. 2019. № 2 (46). S. 161-165.
14. Gromova T. V., Kosarev A. P., Konorev P. V. Zavisimost' molochnoy produktivnosti korov priobskogo tipa cherno-pestroy porody ot ekster'erno-konstitucional'nyh osobennostey teloslozheniya // Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2017. № 6 (152). S. 115-121.
15. Yakovleva S. E., Shepelev S. I., Lemesh E. A. Vliyanie ekster'ernyh pokazateley i tipa konstitucii na uroven' molochnoy produktivnosti korov cherno-pestroy porody // Aktual'nye problemy intensivnogo razvitiya zhivotnovodstva. 2018. № 21 (1). S. 11-16.
