Abstract. The purpose of the study was to establish an ultrasonographic picture of the upper urinary system in cats with chronic kidney disease at different stages and their prognostic significance. Research methods. The study involved 40 cats of different sex, age and breed with an established diagnosis of chronic kidney disease from stage 1 to stage 4, 10 animals in each group. The staging of the stage was based on the concentration of the serum creatinine level. All animals underwent ultrasonographic examination of the urinary system on the ChisonQBit 11 apparatus with a high-frequency linear sensor in longitudinal and cross sections. The nature of structural changes in the kidneys as a result of ultrasonographic examination were correlated with the stage of the disease. Scientific novelty. Chronic kidney disease is one of the most common pathologies in cats older than 7 years. The disease is progressive, which proves the need for early detection and preparation of therapeutic and diagnostic measures to prolong and improve the life of the animal. Ultrasound diagnostics is included in the diagnostic plan, which allows to identify animals with structural changes in the kidneys, but is not decisive in the diagnosis and stage of chronic kidney disease in cats. Results. In cats at stage 1 of chronic kidney disease, ultrasound changes in the structure of the kidneys were absent in 60 % of cases, ultrasound signs of polycystic and hyperechogenic medullary rim (ring) were detected in 10 % of cases. In cats at stage 2, ultrasound changes of the kidneys were absent in 30 % of cases, signs of nephrolithiasis (concretions in the projection of the pelvis without signs of obstruction) were found in 20 % of cases, and signs of nephrosclerosis/hypoplasia unilaterally were found in 10 % of cases. At stage 3, diffuse kidney changes were detected in 100 % of cases, signs of nephrosclerosis/hypoplasia in 40 % of cases, nephrolithiasis in 20 %, polycystic disease in 10 % of cases. At stage 4, diffuse changes were present in 100 %, signs of nephrosclerosis/hypoplasia in 30 %, and nephrolithiasis in 10 % of cases. Thus, there are no specific signs that allow us to establish the stage of chronic kidney disease in cats according to the results of ultrasonographic examination.
cats, ultrasound diagnostics, chronic kidney disease, diffuse kidney changes, focal kidney changes, nephropathies, nephrolithiasis, medulla rimsign, echogenicity, echosrtucture, doppler examination
1. Kostylev V. A., Goncharova A. V. Klinicheskaya oscillometricheskaya harakteristika sistemnoy gipertenzii u koshek pri hronicheskoy bolezni pochek // Sbornik trudov nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii Moskovskoy veterinarnoy akademii. Moskva, 2022. S. 102-103.
2. Bychkova V. A., Goncharova A. V., Kostylev V. A. Ul'trasonograficheskaya harakteristika pochek u koshek s razlichnymi zabolevaniyami // Sbornik nauchnyh trudov XI mezhdunarodnoy mezhvuzovskoy konferencii po klinicheskoy veterinarii v formate PURINA PARTNERS. Moskva, 2021. S. 341-346.
3. De Santis F., Boari A., Dondi F., Emodoi Crisi P. Drug-dosing adjustment in dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease // Animals. 2022. No. 12 (3). C. 262-291.
4. Thanaboonnipat Ch., Sutayatram S., Buranakarl Ch., Choisunirachon N. Renal ultrasonographic strain elastography and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in canine and feline chronic kidney disease // Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2020. No. 19. Pp. 1104-1112.
5. Ignatenko A. Yu., Zolotavina M. L. Biohimicheskie issledovaniya syvorotki krovi koshek i sobak v diagnostike hronicheskoy bolezni pochek // Evraziyskiy soyuz uchenyh. 2019. № 8-1 (65). S. 30-33.
6. Berseneva O. V., Badov M. D. Ocenka funkciy setchatki u koshek s arterial'noy gipertenziey pri hronicheskoy bolezni pochek // Molodezh' i nauka. 2019. № 2. S. 8-12.
7. Vinnikova S. V., Kasatkina E. V., Taraskin A. O. Diagnosticheskie issledovaniya krovi pri hronicheskoy bolezni pochek koshek // Voprosy normativno-pravovogo regulirovaniya v veterinarii. 2020. № 1. S. 186-188.
8. Pozyabin S. V., Borhunova E. N., Peryshkina L. S. Sravnitel'naya harakteristika regeneracii stenki mochevogo puzyrya u krolikov posle cistotomii i cistoskopii // Veterinariya. 2020. № 6. S. 47-50.
9. Skosyrskih P. N., Chirkova A. S. Primenenie telmisartana na doklinicheskoy stadii hronicheskoy bolezni pochek u koshek // Voprosy normativno-pravovogo regulirovaniya v veterinarii. 2021. № 3. S. 51-53.
10. Biasibetti E., Martello E., Bigliati M., Biasato I., Cocca T., Bruni N., Capucchio M. T. A long term feed supplementation based on phosphate binders in feline chronic kidney disease // Veterinary Research Communications. 2018. No. 42. Pp. 161-167.
11. Martello E., Perondi F., Bruni N., Bisanzio D., Meineri G., Lippi I. Chronic kidney disease and dietary supplemention: effects on inflammation and oxidative stress // Veterinary Sciences. 2021. No. 8 (11). Pp. 277-291.
12. Kasatkina Yu. D. Znachenie ul'trazvukovogo issledovaniya dlya vyyavleniya pochechnoy nedostatochnosti u koshek // Izvestiya Velikolukskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy akademii. 2021. № 1 (34). S. 11-17
13. Markova M. V. Metod ocenki ul'trazvukovyh izmeneniy pochek u koshek pri hronicheskoy bolezni // Katalog nauchnyh innovacionnyh razrabotok FGBOU VO Omskiy GAU. Omsk. 2022. S. 21-22.
14. Pozyabin S. V., Filippov Yu. I., Kozlov N. A., Stekol'nikov A. A., Vatnikov Yu. A., Belogurov V. V., Kachalin M. D. Obschaya veterinarnaya hirurgiya. Moskva: KolosS, 2022. 752 s.
15. Xue Ch., Mei Ch. Polycystic kidney disease and renal fibrosis // Renal Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Therapies. 2019. Vol. 1165. Pp. 81-100.
