Abstract. Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a serious disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and is a common disease in all potato growing regions of Russia. However, successful cultivation of potatoes requires a high level of knowledge and skills from the agronomist. To avoid losses in yield and quality, an average of seven to eight fungicide treatments against this disease are carried out annually. It costs time and money and pollutes the environment. In traditional cultivation, the disease is controlled with the costly application of chemical pesticides. Treatment of tubers with chemicals is effective in reducing tuber-borne infections, but the use of chemicals is dangerous, harmful to beneficial microorganisms, and expensive. In addition, infected tubers should not be stored as they will rot. If the infection is not dealt with, there is a risk of complete loss of the crop. A lot of money has been invested in research and breeding, however, late blight is still the most important disease in potato cultivation. If in some years or regions the disease manifests itself slowly and not very aggressively, in other regions it causes significant crop losses. On the other hand, in agriculture, it is controlled with a comprehensive control strategy, which also includes a wide range of cultural and preventive measures, such as the biological method. Among the various methods in the protection of plants from diseases, the biological method is currently an important share. The mentioned biological method among the means uses special microorganisms, which are characterized by a strong antagonistic reaction in relation to specific pathogens. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that biological preparations showed excellent field performance against late blight in the foothill zone of North Ossetia-Alania. The aim of the study was to test whether the biological defense method against Phytophthora infestans is suitable in the Piedmont zone of the Republic RNO-Alania. Researches were carried out according to the methods accepted in potato breeding according to the recommendations of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry, VIR and VIZR. According to the results obtained in field experiments show that in all years of research biopreparations significantly reduced infestation of tubers of phytophthora infestans. Biopreparation “BisolbiSan”, which was used for tubers dressing and spraying of plants four times during the growing season, showed the best protective effect against phytophthora infestans in comparison with other preparations.
phytophthora infestans, biological control, phytophthorosis, potato, biopreparations, Bacillus subtilis
1. Plehanova L. P., Buldakov S. A. Effektivnost' deystviya biopreparatov i fungicidov protiv bolezney rasteniy, klubney kartofelya i ih vliyanie na urozhaynost' // Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy zhurnal. 2019. № 9 (87). Ch. 2. S. 28-33. DOI:https://doi.org/10.23670/IRJ.2019.87.9.031.
2. Zhevora S. V. Primenenie regulyatorov rosta i orosheniya na kartofele v regionah s neustoychivym uvlazhneniem // Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Agronomiya i zhivotnovodstvo. 2019. T. 14. № 4. C. 362-373. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2019-14-4-362-373.
3. Molyavko A. A., Borisova N. P., Maruhlenko A. V., Belous N. M., Torikov V. E. Stimulyatory rosta i fungicidy pri vozdelyvanii i hranenii kartofelya. // Vestnik Bryanskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy akademii. 2020. № 2 (78). S. 15-19.
4. Vasil'eva V., Zeyruk V., Derevyagina K., Belov L., Barkov A. Effektivnost' primeneniya regulyatorov rosta rasteniy na kartofele // Agrohimiya. 2019. № 7. S. 45-47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1134/S0002188119070135.
5. Serderov V. K., Karaev M. K., Atamov B. K. Vozdelyvanie sortov kartofelya dlya promyshlennoy pererabotki // Vestnik rossiyskoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy nauki. 2020. № 3. S. 59-61. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30850/vrsn/2020/3/59-61.
6. Goutam U., Thakur K., Salaria N., Kukreja S. Recent Approaches for Late Blight Disease Management of Potato Caused by Phytophthora infestans // Fungi and their Role in Sustainable Development: Current Perspectives. Springer, Singapore. 2018. Rp. 311-325.
7. Dekker J. The fungicide resistance problem: current status and the role of systemics // Pesticide Interactions in Crop Production: Beneficial and Deleterious Effects. Malaysia. Springer. 2018. Rp. 163-164. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27455-3.
8. Carillo P., Colla G., El-Nakhel C., Bonini P., D’Amelia L., Dell’Aversana E., Dell’Aversana E. Biostimulant Application with a Tropical Plant Extract Enhances Corchorus olitorius Adaptation to SubOptimal Nutrient Regimens by Improving Physiological Parameters // Agronomy. 2019. Italy. No. 9. Rr. 9-11 . DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050249.
9. Uromova I. P., Koposova N. N., Dabahova E. V., Shtyrlina O. V., Shtyrlin D. A. Brassinosteroids as a factor of photosyntetic activity increase of improved potatoes biosci // Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia. 2015. Vol. 12. No. 2. Pp. 1481-1485.
10. Shahrajabian M. H., Chaski C., Polyzos N., Petropoulos S. A. Biostimulants application: a low input cropping management tool for sustainable farming of vegetables // Biomolecules. 2021. Vol. 11 (5). Article number 698. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11050698.
11. Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Mystkowska I., Sikorska A. Changes in dry weight and starch content in potato under the effect of herbicides and biostimulants // Plant Soil Environ. 2021. No. 67. Pp. 202-207. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17221/622/2020-PSE.
12. Gazdanova I. O., Dzedaev H. T., Morgoev T. A. Biologicheskaya zaschita kartofelya v Respublike Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya // Vestnik KrasGAU. 2022. № 1 (178). S. 76-82. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2022-1-76-82.
13. Gerieva F. T., Gazdanova I. O. Effektivnost' primeneniya perspektivnyh biopreparatov novogo pokoleniya v usloviyah Severo-Kavkazskogo regiona // Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2021. № 3 (206). S. 2-9. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-206-03-2-9.
14. Derevyagina M. K., Belov G. L., Vasil'eva S. V., Zeyruk V. N. Vliyanie razlichnoy pesticidnoy nagruzki na razvitie fitoftoroza i al'ternarioza kartofelya v central'nom regione Rossii // Agrarnyy nauchnyy zhurnal. 2022. № 9. S. 18-23.
15. Basiev S. S., Bekmurzov A. D., Bekuzarova S. A., Dulaev T. A., Sokolova L. B., Bolieva Z. A., Datieva M. Ch., Khodova L. D. Phytoinsecticides to fight against colorado beetle // International Scientific and Practical Conference “AgroSMART Smart Solutions for Agriculture”. Series “KnE Life Sciences”. Tyumen, 2019. Pp. 562-569. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i14.5643.
16. Kozhevnikov I. S. Vliyanie fungicidov na razvitie fitoftoroza kartofelya // Studencheskaya nauka i XXI vek. 2020. T. 17. № 2-1 (20). S. 49-51.
17. Metodika gosudarstvennogo sortoispytaniya sel'skohozyaystvennyh kul'tur. Vypusk pervyy. Obschaya chast'. Ekaterinburg: Izdatel'stvo Ural'skogo GAU, 2019. 329 s.
18. Kołodziejczyk M., Gwóźdź K. Effect of plant growth regulators on potato tuber yield and quality // Plant, Soil and Environment. 2022. No. 8 (68). Pp. 375-381. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17221/215/2022-PSE.
19. Huang G., Liu Z., Gu B., Zhao H., Jia J., Fan G., et al. An RXLR effector secreted by Phytophthora parasitica is a virulence factor and triggers cell death in various plants // Molecular Plant Pathology. 2019. No. 20. Pp. 356-371. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12760.
