Abstract. The expansion of the northern zone of corn-sowing in the Russian Federation, the increase in demand for corn hybrids capable of maturing in zones with a short frost-free period, forming a high yield of grain and green mass, adapted to various soil and climatic zones, requires intensification of breeding work for early maturity. The purpose of the research is the creation of a new early-ripening corn hybrid of universal use, characterized by adaptability to various soil and climatic conditions. The research was carried out at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” and research institutions in Russia in 2018–2021. Methods. The main method of creating hybrids is the method of interline hybridization using heterosis in the first generation. Topcross crosses were used to obtain hybrid combinations. Object of the study are early ripe corn hybrids. A new early-ripening corn hybrid Vityaz’ MV of universal use was created jointly by the ARC “Donskoy” and the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the National Grain Center named after. P. P. Lukyanenko. It is included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements and approved for use in the production of the North Caucasian, Central, Central Black Earth and Middle Volga regions for grain and silage. According to the research results, the new hybrid is distinguished by high grain yield and plasticity. In the environmental test of research institutions in Russia, located in different soil and climatic conditions, the grain yield was 5.03–10.30 t/ha. In the ARC “Donskoy”, the average grain yield, including dry years, was 4.31 t/ha, which is significantly (by 0.36 t/ha) higher than that of the Krasnodarskiy 194 MV standard. The yield of green mass – 28.2 t/ha, dry matter – 9.41 t/ha. The new hybrid is drought-resistant, resistant to lodging and bunt smut, and is characterized by low harvest grain moisture content (14.0 %). The scientific novelty should be considered the creation of a new early-ripening corn hybrid Vityaz’ MV of universal use, adapted to various soil and climatic zones of the Russian Federation.
hybrid, self-pollinated line, early ripeness, grain harvest moisture, yield, ecological test
1. Sotchenko V. S., Panfilov A. E., Gorbacheva A. G., Vetoshkina I. A., Kazakova N. I. Urozhay i uborochnaya vlazhnost’ zerna gibridov kukuruzy v raznykh ekologicheskikh usloviyakh v zavisimosti ot srokov poseva [Yield and harvesting moisture content of corn hybrids in different environmental conditions depending on the sowing time] // Kormoproizvodstvo. 2019. No. 1. Pp. 26-31. DOI:https://doi.org/10.25685/krm.2019.2019.28247. (In Russian.)
2. Gubin S. V., Getz G. V., Loginova A. M. Sozdanie rannespelykh gibridov kukuruzy s uchetom klimaticheskogo potentsiala Omskoy oblasti [Creation of early ripe corn hybrids taking into account the climatic potential of the Omsk region] // Corn and sorghum. 2020. No. 2. Pp. 3-9. DOI:https://doi.org/10.25715/b4484-6315-4503-j. (In Russian.)
3. Sotchenko V. S., Panfilov A. E., Gorbacheva A. G., Kazakova N. I., Vetoshkina I. A. Skorost’ poteri vlagi zernom kukuruzy v period sozrevaniya v zavisimosti ot genotipa i usloviy sredy [The rate of moisture loss in corn grain during the ripening period depending on the genotype and environmental conditions] // Agricultural biology. 2021. Vol. 56. No. 1. Pp. 54-65 DOI:https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2021.1.54rus. (In Russian.)
4. Suprunov A. I., Petryakov A. P., Perevyazka D. S., Tereshchenko A. A. Selektsiya rannespelykh gibridov kukuruzy s bystroy otdachey vlagi zernom pri sozrevanii [Breeding of early ripe corn hybrids with rapid return of moisture to grain during maturation] // Rice growing. 2019. No. 4 (45). Pp. 19-24. (In Russian.)
5. Orlyanskiy N. A., Orlyanskaya N. A. Vlazhnost’ zerna novykh samoopylennykh liniy kukuruzy plazm Ayodent i Lankaster [Grain moisture content of new self-pollinated corn plasma lines Iodent and Lancaster] // Corn and sorghum. 2019. No. 4. Pp. 3-12. DOI:https://doi.org/10.25715/KS.2019.4.43127. (In Russian.)
6. Panfilov A. E., Sotchenko V. S., Gorbacheva A. G., Vetoshkina I. A., Kazakova N. I. Dinamika poteri vlagi zernom kukuruzy ul’trarannikh gibridov kukuruzy v kontrastnykh usloviyakh proizrastaniya [Dynamics of moisture loss in corn grain of ultra-early corn hybrids in contrasting growing conditions] // Corn and sorghum. 2018. No. 3. Pp. 3-9. (In Russian.)
7. Cherkashina A. V., Sotchenko E. F. Otsenka adaptivnoy sposobnosti i stabil’nosti rannespelykh gibridov kukuruzy [Evaluation of the adaptive capacity and stability of early ripe corn hybrids] // News of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2021. No. 2. Pp. 68-76. (In Russian.)
8. Sotchenko V. S., Panfilov A. E., Gorbacheva A. G., Kazakova N. I., Vetoshkina I. A. Norma i stabil’nost’ reaktsii rannespelykh gibridov kukuruzy na usloviya vegetatsii [Norm and stability of the response of early ripe corn hybrids to growing conditions] // Kormoproizvodstvo. 2020. No. 4. Pp. 39-43. DOI:https://doi.org/10.25685/krm.2020.2020.63669. (In Russian.)
9. Perevyazka D. S., Perevyazka N. I., Suprunov A. I. Ekologicheskaya adaptivnost’ novykh rannespelykh gibridov, sozdannykh pri uchastii digaploidnykh liniy kukuruzy [Ecological adaptability of new early-ripening hybrids created with the participation of maize dihaploid lines] // Rice growing. 2022. No. 4 (57). Pp. 49-54. DOI:https://doi.org/10.33775/1684-2464-2022-57-4-49-54. (In Russian.)
10. Orlyanskiy N. A., Orlyanskaya N. A., Chebotarev D. S. Otsenka adaptivnosti rannespelykh (FAO 140-170) zernovykh gibridov kukuruzy v ekologicheskom ispytanii [Evaluation of the adaptability of early-ripening (FAO 140-170) grain hybrids of corn in an ecological test] // Bulletin of agrarian science. 2022. No. 5 (98). Pp. 119-126. (In Russian.)
11. Shkarbutko E. V., Lemeshev N. A., Varlamova I. N. Otbor iskhodnogo materiala liniy kukuruzy dlya sozdaniya rannespelykh gibridov [Selection of the initial material of maize lines for the creation of early ripe hybrids] // God nauki i tekhnologiy 2021: sbornik tezisov po materialam Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Krasnodar. 2021. Pp. 198-199. (In Russian.)
12. Novichikhin A. P., Lemeshev N. A., Gulnyashkin A. V. Izuchenie kombinatsionnoy sposobnosti novykh rannespelykh liniy kukuruzy [The study of the combination ability of new early maturing lines of corn] // Rice growing. 2019. No. 1 (42). Pp. 54-57. (In Russian.)
13. Lemeshev N. A., Novichikhin A. P., Gulnyashkin A. V. Otsenka novykh liniy kukuruzy na kombinatsionnuyu sposobnost' po priznaku “uborochnaya vlazhnost’ zerna” [Evaluation of new lines of corn for combining ability on the basis of “harvest grain moisture”] // Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University. 2019. No. 77. Pp. 117-121. (In Russian.)
14. Lukovkina N. I., Suprunov A. I. Reaktsiya novykh ul’trarannespelykh i rannespelykh liniy kukuruzy na TsMS-M tipa [Reaction of ultra-early and early-ripening corn lines to CMS-M type] // Aktual’nye voprosy biologii, selektsii, tekhnologii vozdelyvaniya i pererabotki maslichnykh i drugikh tekhnicheskikh kul’tur: sbornik materialov 10-y Vserossiyskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem molodykh uchenykh i spetsialistov. Krasnodar, 2019. Pp. 128-131. (In Russian.)
15. Krivosheev G. Ya., Shevchenko N. A., Ignatiev A. S. Rezul’taty i perspektivy selektsii kukuruzy v Agrarnom nauchnom tsentre “Donskoy” [Results and prospects of maize breeding in the “Donskoy” Agrarian Research Center] // Grain Economy of Russia. 2020. No. 6 (72). Pp. 32-38. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2020-72-6-32-38. (In Russian.)
16. Perevyazka D. S., Perevyazka N. I., Suprunov A. I. Sozdanie rannespelykh i srednerannikh gibridov kukuruzy s uchastiem novykh avtodiploidnykh liniy v usloviyakh tsentral’noy zony Krasnodarskogo kraya [Creation of early-ripening and mid-early hybrids of corn with the participation of new autodiploid lines in the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory] // Rice growing. 2021. No. 1 (50). Pp. 35-42. DOI:https://doi.org/10.33775/1684-2464-2021-50-1-35-42. (In Russian.)
17. Marcelo J. Carena, Van Mitchell Registration of Non-Stiff Stalk Maize Germplasms: Increasing Short-Season Genetic Diversity with the EarlyGEM Program // Journal of Plant Registrations. 2017. Vol. 11. Iss. 2. Pp.178-184. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3198/jpr2016.07.0035crg.
18. Carena M. J., Sharma S. Registration of Five Short-Season Stiff Stalk (SS) EarlyGEM Maize Germplasms // Journal of Plant Registrations. 2016. Vol. 10. Iss. 3. Pp. 301-308. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3198/jpr2015.10.0063crg.
19. Huang Z. F., Hou L. Y., Xue J., Wang K. R., Xie R. Z., Hou P., Ming B., Li S. K. The variability of maize kernel drying: sowing date, harvest scenario and year // The Journal of Agricultural Science. 2021. Vol. 159. Iss. 7-8. Pp. 535-543 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185962100054X.
20. Xu Tian-Jun, Zhang Yong, Zhao Jiu-Ran, Wang Rong-Huan, Lyu Tian-Fang, Liu Yue-E, Cai Wan-Tao, Liu Hong-Wei, Chen Chuan-Yong, Wang Yuan-Dong. Canopy structure, photosynthesis, grain filling, and dehydration characteristics of maize varieties suitable for grain mechanical harvesting // Acta Agronomica Sinica. 2022. Vol. 48. Iss. 6. Pp. 1526-1536. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13036.
21. Salvi S., Tassinari A., Li K., Zamariola L., Giuliani S., Tuberosa R. Registration of Gaspé Flint 1.1.1, a small-size early-flowering maize inbred line // Journal of Plant Registrations. 2021. Vol. 16. Iss. 1. Pp. 152-161. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20134.
22. Metodika gosudarstvennogo sortoispytaniya sel’skokhozyaystvennykh kul’tur [Methodology of state variety testing of agricultural crops]. Moscow: Gruppa kompaniy “More”. 2019. Iss. 1. 384 p. (In Russian.)
