The purpose of the study was to study the state of the autonomic nervous system and the level of endogenous intoxication markers in animals during pregnancy, physiological and complicated by gestosis and toxic liver dystrophy (hepatosis) and their combination. Materials and methods were used in accordance with the assigned tasks. In the conditions of two farms specializing in the production of milk and located in the Belgorod and Pskov regions, studies were conducted, the object of which were cows of the Red-and-White and Holstein Black-and-White breeds at the age of 3–6 years with a gestational age of 240–250 days. As a result of experimental tests, it was revealed that in cows with moderate gestosis, in addition to traditional hypertension, proteinuria and edema, there is an increase in heart rate variability, tachycardia, hypersympathicotonia, neutrophilocytosis, lymphocytopenia and resorptive endotoxication. With a combination of gestosis and hepatosis, the appearance of new (integral) and strengthening of pathophysiological phenomena specific to each of these pathologies is observed. As a result, a symptom complex of severe pathology is formed with bradycardia, vagotonia, resorptive and metabolic endogenous intoxication, leukogram imbalance with a predominance of young cells, monocytopenia, eosinopenia, more pronounced neutrophilocytosis and lymphocytopenia, as well as a decrease in adaptive potential. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, according to the data obtained, one of the directions of the progression of preeclampsia (gestosis) may be the development of comorbid pathology. At the same time, the deterioration of the animal's condition is a consequence of the aggravation of each of the associated pathologies and the formation of integral pathogenetic integration in the body. In this case, the choice of therapies should be focused on eliminating or alleviating the manifestation of gestosis and associated pathologies, as well as on leveling the pathogenetic mechanisms of comorbidity.
endotoxication, preeclampsia, hepatosis, comorbidity, cows, markers of endotoxication
1. Skorikov V. N. Prognozirovanie oslozhneniy poslerodovogo perioda u korov na etape formirovaniya fetoplacentarnoy sistemy s primeneniem ul'trazvukovogo skanirovaniya // Veterinarnyy farmakologicheskiy vestnik. 2021. № 1 (14). S. 146-153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17238/issn2541-8203.2021.1.146; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DAAUDC
2. Chernickiy A. E., Shabunin S. V., Safonov V. A. Preeklampsiya u korov: funkcional'nye narusheniya v sisteme mat'-placenta-plod i ih posledstviya dlya zdorov'ya potomstva // Sel'skohozyaystvennaya biologiya. 2019. T. 54. № 2. S. 246-258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2019.2.246rus; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/BIIHHE
3. Alehin Yu. N. Metody diagnostiki perinatal'noy patologii u krupnogo rogatogo skota: metodicheskoe posobie. Voronezh: Voronezhskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet im. Imperatora Petra I, 2013. 25 s. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/VMWBRB
4. Erez O., Romero R., Jung E., Chaemsaithong P., Bosco M., Suksai M., Gallo D. M., Gotsch F. Preeclampsia and eclampsia: the conceptual evolution of a syndrome // American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2022. No. 226 (2S). Pp. S786-S803. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.001. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/IAXNYP
5. Iqbal R., Beigh S. A., Mir A. Q., Shaheen M., Hussain S. A., Nisar M., Dar A. A. Evaluation of metabolic and oxidative profile in ovine pregnancy toxemia and to determine their association with diagnosis and prognosis of disease // Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2022. No. 54 (6). Article number 338. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03339-9. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ZRROPN
6. Shahov A. G., Fedosov D. V., Sashnina L. Yu., Mas'yanov Yu. N., Alehin Yu. N., Erina T. A. Immunnyy status telyat s raznym urovnem morfofunkcional'nogo razvitiya // Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii sel'skohozyaystvennyh nauk. 2013. № 6. S. 58-61. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/PPMKMN
7. Yousif D., Bellos I., Penzlin A. I., Hijazi M. M., Illigens B. M., Pinter A., Siepmann T. Autonomic Dysfunction in Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review // Frontiers in Neurology. 2019. No. 10. Article number 816. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00816.
8. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po diagnostike i terapii gestoza u molochnyh korov i svinomatok / A. G. Nezhdanov, S. V. Shabunin, V. D. Misaylov [i dr.]. Voronezh: Voronezhskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet im. Imperatora Petra I, 2009. 32 s. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QFBECH
9. Alehin Yu. N. Perinatal'naya patologiya u krupnogo rogatogo skota i farmakologicheskie aspekty ee profilaktiki i lecheniya: avtoreferat dis. … d-ra vet. nauk. Voronezh: Vseros. nauch.-issled. veterinar. in-t patologii, farmakologii i terapii, 2013. 45 s. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ZOTQHD
10. Zaripova T. N., Antipova I. I., Tickaya E. V. Leykocitarnye indeksy u bol'nyh bronhial'noy astmoy: informativnaya znachimost' ispol'zovaniya // Terapevticheskiy arhiv. 2021. № 93 (3). S. 273-278. DOI:https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2021.03.200653. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MIJEHI
11. Mayanskaya S. D., Ganeeva A. V., Gabidullina R. I. Variabel'nost' arterial'nogo davleniya u beremennyh s faktorami riska preeklampsii // Kazanskiy medicinskiy zhurnal. 2019. № 100 (3). S. 426-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/KMJ2019-426; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HMUZBJ
12. Gutyj B., Grymak Y., Drach M. et al. The impact of endogenous intoxication on biochemical indicators of blood of pregnant cows // Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems. 2017. No. 8 (3). Pp. 438-443.
13. Hadarcev A. A., Naumova E. M., Valentinov B. G., Grachev R. V. Eritrocity i okislitel'nyy stress (obzor literatury) // Vestnik novyh medicinskih tehnologiy. 2022. T. 29. № 1. S. 93-100. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24412/1609-2163-2022-1-93-100. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/CJLWXZ
14. Afanas'ev S. A., Rebrova T. Yu., Muslimova E. F., Borisova E. V. Associaciya polimorfnyh variantov gena ADRB1 s sokratitel'noy disfunkciey miokarda i adrenoreaktivnost'yu eritrocitov u pacientov s narusheniyami ritma // Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal. 2019. T. 24, № 7. S. 47-52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-7-47-52. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MCERZV
15. Khandoker A. H., Wahbah M., Yoshida C., Kasahara Y., Funamoto K., Niizeki K., Kimura Y. Investigating the effect of cholinergic and adrenergic blocking agents on maternal-fetal heart rates and their interactions in mice fetuses // Biology Open. 2022. № 11 (4). Article number bio058999. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.058999. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/PQKSEV
16. Fu Q. Hemodynamic and Electrocardiographic Aspects of Uncomplicated Singleton Pregnancy // Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2018. № 1065. Pp. 413-431. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_26.
17. D’Souza A. W., Hissen S. L., Okada Y., Jarvis S. S., Washio T., Akins J. D., Nelson D. B., Fu Q. Differential regulation of sympathetic neural burst frequency and amplitude throughout normal pregnancy: a longitudinal study // American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. 2023. №. 324 (2). Article number R249-R259. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00239.2022. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ACFFMU
18. Filinov A. G., Bragina L. B., Galickaya S. A. Sravnitel'naya ocenka sostoyaniya vegetativnoy nervnoy sistemy u zhenschin v razlichnye sroki normal'no protekayuschey beremennosti // Medicinskiy al'manah. 2015. № 4 (39). S. 58-62. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/UZPUIV
19. Walther T., Wessel N., Baumert M. et al. Longitudinal analysis of heart rate variability in chronic hypertensive pregnancy // Hypertension Research. 2005. Vol. 28. No. 2. Rp. 113-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1291/hypres.28.113; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/XSTAZM
20. Miková E., Hrdý J. The role of neutrophils in preeclampsia // Česká gynekologie. 2020. No. 85 (3). Pp. 206-213.
21. Dolgushin I. I., Mezenceva E. A., Savochkina A. Yu., Kuznecova E. K. Neytrofil kak «mnogofunkcional'noe ustroystvo» immunnoy sistemy // Infekciya i immunitet. 2019. T. 9. № 1. S. 9-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2019-1-9-38; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/TKYAYR
22. Zhang D., Zeng J., Miao X., Liu H., Ge L., Huang W., Jiao J., Ye D. Glucocorticoid exposure induces preeclampsia via dampening 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 // Hypertension Research. 2018. No. 41 (2). Pp. 104-111. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2017.98.
23. Asrankulova D. B., Urinova D. Endogennaya intoksikaciya i srednemolekulyarnye peptidy pri preeklampsii // Re-health journal. 2021. № 2 (10). S. 29-32. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/KRBLKR
24. Mawlood S., Mahmoud B. Hematological Changes, Serum Interferon Gamma and Interleukin-4 Alterations in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia // International Electronic Journal of Medicine. 2020. No. 9. Pp. 44-51. DOI:https://doi.org/10.34172/iejm.2020.08.
25. Yusupova Z. S., Novikova V. A., Olenev A. S. Sovremennye predstavleniya o preeklampsii - patogenez, diagnostika, prognozirovanie // Prakticheskaya medicina. 2018. № 6. S. 45-51. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YBTOMH
26. Hamed S., Khalifa T., Ali M., Ali S. Relationship of Maternal and Gestation Ages, Complete Blood Count Parameters, Blood Pressure and Mode of Parturiency with Pre-eclampsia. Libyan Journal of Basic Sciences. 2020. Vol. 11. No. 1. Pp. 48-57.
27. Silva J., Magenta M., Sisti G., Serventi L., Gaither K. Association Between Complete Blood Count Components and Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy // Cureus. 2020. No. 12 (12). Article number e12381. DOI:https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.12381.
28. Karakonstantis S., Kalemaki D., Tzagkarakis E., Lydakis C. Pitfalls in studies of eosinopenia and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio // Infectious Diseases (London). 2018. No. 50 (3). Pp. 163-174. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2017.1388537.
29. Gogoi P., Sinha P., Gupta B., Firmal P., Rajaram S. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet indices in pre-eclampsia // International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2019. No. 144 (1). Pp. 16-20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12701.
30. Pashina E. V., Zolotavina M. L. Kompleks biohimicheskih pokazateley v ocenke formirovaniya stadiy endogennoy intoksikacii v kletke [Elektronnyy resurs] // Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2019. № 6. URL: https://science-ducation.ru/ru/article/view?id = 29437 (data obrascheniya: 09.10.2022). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/JATPLN
31. Taysi S., Tascan A. S., Ugur M. G., Demir M. Radicals, Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Preeclampsia // Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 2019. No. 19 (3). Pp. 178-193. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557518666181015151350.
32. Abramov A. A., Semenenko M. P., Kuz'minova E. V., Grin' V. A. Izuchenie urovnya srednemolekulyarnyh peptidov v syvorotke krovi laboratornyh krys pri farmakoterapii ostrogo toksicheskogo gepatita // Sbornik nauchnyh trudov Krasnodarskogo nauchnogo centra po zootehnii i veterinarii. 2019. № 8 (2). S. 232-237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34617/pk6h-r489; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ICNIMU
33. Gromyshevskaya L. L. Srednie molekuly kak odin iz pokazateley «metabolicheskoy intoksikacii» v organizme // Laboratornaya diagnostika. 1997. № 1. S. 11-16.
