Russian Federation
employee
Russian Federation
Abstract. Milk fat is the third main source of lipids for human nutrition. Fatty acids in milk fat have a heterogeneous composition due to differences in chain length, degree of saturation, etc. It has been scientifically proven that long-term consumption of trans-fatty acids causes various diseases of the human body; according to WHO recommendations, their maximum consumption should not exceed 1 % of total energy. A comprehensive study of the composition of fatty acids in cattle milk gives scientists the opportunity to use this trait in breeding work by selecting genotypes with a low content of trans-isomers and saturated fatty acids harmful to human health. The scientific novelty lies in the study of molecular genetic mechanisms for regulating the quantitative content of fatty acids and their trans-isomers in the fat fraction of cow's milk. The purpose of the work is to identify allelic variants of SNPs associated with the fatty acid composition of cow's milk and the content of trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids in it. Research methods. The studies were carried out on cows of the Holstein black-and-white breed. The genetic profile of animals of the Holstein black-and-white breed was studied, SNPs significantly associated with the quantitative and qualitative content of fatty acids and their trans-isomers in the fat fraction of cow's milk were identified. The fatty acid composition of cows' milk was determined using a multiparameter automatic analyzer MilkoScan 7/Fossomatic 7 FT+ / DC (FOSS, Denmark). Results. Whole-genome genotyping was performed. Analyzing the content of fatty acids with different saturation of hydrogen bonds, a significant difference between the amount of fatty acids and genotypes, reliable values were established only for 5 SNPs. It was found that for four SNPs, the highest values of the content of fatty acids and trans-isomers were in homozygous genotypes ARS-BFGL-NGS-41348GG; BTA-115852-no-rsAA; BTB-00771463GG; Hapmap46159-BTA-70956TT. A significant difference in the content of trans-fatty acid isomers in milk between genotypes was found only for SNP ARS-BFGL-NGS-5502. The largest mass fraction of trans-isomers of unsaturated fatty acids was found in the milk fat of cows with the heterozygous genotype AG, which amounted to 0.076 g/100 g and was 0.011 g/100 g and 0.032 g/100 g (P≤0.01) more compared to heterozygous genotypes GG and AA, respectively.
cattle, genome-wide genotyping, fatty acids, trans isomers of fatty acids, DNA markers
1. Khalikova M. Consumer preferences for dairy fat-based products // Aktual'nye nauchnye issledovaniya v sovremennom mire. 2021. № 12-8 (80). Pp. 42-46.
2. Badu M., Awudza A. J. Determination of the triacylglycerol content for the identification and assessment of purity of shea butter fat, peanut oil, and palm kernel oil using maldi-tof/tof mass spectroscopic technique // International Journal of Food Properties. 2017. No. 20 (2). Pp. 271-280.
3. Queirós M. S., Grimaldi R., Gigante M. L. Addition of Olein from Milk Fat Positively Affects the Firmness of Butter // Food Research International. 2016. No. 84. Pp. 69-75.
4. Małkowska M., Staniewski B., Ziajka J. Analyses of milk fat crystallization and milk fat fractions // International Journal of Food Properties. 2021. Vol. 24. No. 1. Pp. 325-336, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1878217.
5. Lashneva I. A., Sermyagin A. A. Vliyanie nalichiya trans-izomerov zhirnyh kislot v moloke na ego sostav i produktivnost' korov // Dostizheniya nauki i tehniki APK. 2020. T. 34. № 3. S. 46-50. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10309.
6. Fangting Zhou, Jie Xue. Xi Shan. Lihua Qiu, Yongwang Miao Functional roles for AGPAT6 in milk fat synthesis of buffalo mammary epithelial cells // Animal Biotechnology. 2023. Vol. 34. No. 7. Pp. 2120-2131. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2022.2077738.
7. Hao Qi, Gang Lin, Siqi Guo, Xudong Guo, Congying Yu, Minghui Zhang & Xuejun Gao. Met stimulates ARID1A degradation and activation of the PI3K-SREBP1 signaling to promote milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells // Animal Biotechnology. 2023. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2023.2265167.
8. Mohan M. S., O’Callaghan T. F., Kelly P., Hogan S. A. Milk fat: opportunities, challenges and innovation // Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2021. Vol. 61. No. 14. Pp. 2411-2443. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1778631.
9. Yong-Zhen Huang, Qin Wang; Chun-Lei Zhang, Xing-Tang Fang, En-Liang Song & Hong Chen Genetic Variants in SDC3 Gene are Significantly Associated with Growth Traits in Two Chinese Beef Cattle Breeds // Animal Biotechnology. 2016. Vol. 27. No. 3. Pp. 190-198, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2016.1164178.
10. Mozaffarian D., Aro A., Willet W.C. Health effects of trans-fatty acids: Experimental and observational evidence // European journal of clinical nutrition. 2019. Vol. 63. Pp. S5-S21.
11. Qin Guo, Tian Li, Yang Qu, Manzhu Liang, Yiming Ha, Yu Zhang, Qiang Wang. New research development on trans fatty acids in food: Biological effects, analytical methods, formation mechanism, and mitigating measures // Progress in Lipid Research. 2023. Vol. 89. Article number 101199. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101199.
12. Pipoyan D., Stepanyan S., Stepanyan S., Beglaryan M., Costantini L., Molinari R., Merendino N. The Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Regulation and Consumption Patterns // Foods. 2021. No. 10 (10). Article number 2452. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102452.
13. Li C., Cobb L. K., Vesper H. W., Asma S. Global Surveillance of trans-Fatty Acids // Preventing Chronic Disease. 2019. No. 16. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.190121.
14. Huang L., Federico E., Jones A., Wu J. H. Y. Presence of trans fatty acids containing ingredients in pre-packaged foods in Australia in 2018 // Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2020. No. 44 (5). Pp. 419-420. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.13014.
15. Beak S. H., Lee Y., Lee E. B., Kim K. H., Kim J. G., Bok J. D., Kang S. K. Study on the fatty acid profile of phospholipid and neutral lipid in Hanwoo beef and their relationship to genetic variation // Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 2019. No. 61 (2). Pp. 69-76. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2019.61.2.69.
16. Li M., Gao Q., Wang M., Liang Y., Sun Y., Chen Z., Zhang H., Karrow N.A., Yang Z., Mao Y. Polymorphisms in Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Gene Are Associated with Milk Production Traits in Chinese Holstein Cows // Animals. 2020. No. 10. Article number 671. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040671.
17. Cobanoglu O., Kul E., Gurcan E.K., Abaci S.H., Cankaya S. Determination of the association of GHR/AluI gene polymorphisms with milk yield traits in Holstein and Jersey cattle raised in Turkey // Archives Animal Breeding. 2021. No. 64 (2). Pp. 417-424. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-417-2021.
18. Samková E., Čítek J., Brzáková M., Hanuš O., Večerek L., Jozová E., Hoštičková I., Trávníček J., Hasoňová L., Rost M., Hálová K., Špička J. Associations among Farm, Breed, Lactation Stage and Parity, Gene Polymorphisms and the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk from Holstein. Simmental and Their Crosses // Animals. 2021. No. 11. Article number 3284. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113284.
19. Zaalberg R. M., Shetty N., Janss L. et al. Genetic analysis of Fourier transform infrared milk spectra in Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey // Journal of Dairy Science. 2019. Vol. 102. Pp. 503-510. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14464.
20. Jiang J., Ma L., Prakapenka D., VanRaden P. M., Cole J. B., Da Y. A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Association Study in U.S. Holstein Cattle // Frontiers in Genetics. 2019. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00412.
21. Pegolo S., Yu H., Morota G., Bisutti V., Rosa G.J.M., Bittante G., Cecchinato A. Structural equation modeling for unraveling the multivariate genomic architecture of milk proteins in dairy cattle // Journal of Dairy Science. 2021. No. 104 (5). Pp. 5705-5718. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18321.
22. Lashneva I. A., Sermyagin A. A., Elizarova I. V. [i dr.] Pokazateli produktivnosti korov v svyazi s urovnem trans-izomerov zhirnyh kislot v moloke // Povyshenie konkurentosposobnosti zhivotnovodstva i zadachi kadrovogo obespecheniya: materialy XXV mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii. Bykovo, 2019. S. 184-191.
