Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of stem density on the phytosanitary conditions of crops and the yield of new varieties of barley under conditions of unstable climatic factors. Methods. The research was carried out in 2021–2023 at the Federal Agrarian Research Center of the North-East. For the first time, data have been obtained on the influence of seeding rates (5, 6, 7, 8 million germinating grains/ha) on the biotic stability and production potential of the Novichok, Pamyati Rodinoy, and Rodnik Prikamya varieties. Phytopathological analysis of seeds, recording of diseases and yields were carried out using well-known methods. Results. Under the conditions of 2021, an increase in the development of dark brown spot was noted at a seeding rate of 6 million germinating grains/ha. The manifestation of net spot had a clear variety-specificity: in the variety Pamyati Rodinoy, the greatest development of the disease was at a sowing rate of 5 million germinated grains/ha (17.8 %), in other genotypes the degree of damage was the lowest for the experiment (9.4 and 12.2 %). In 2023, an increase in the development of spotting and root rot was noted as the crops thickened. For the Rodnik Prikamya variety, there was a significant (at P ≥ 095) increase in yield (from 3.88 to 5.01 t/ha) with each step of the seeding rate; Pamyat Rodinoy has the opposite trend: as the stem thickens, it decreases from 4.09 to 3.31 t/ha. In the Novichok variety, the changes are insignificant, with the exception of the seeding rate of 6 million germinating grains/ha, where the trait decreased from 4.38 to 4.09 t/ha. When choosing a seeding rate, one should focus not only on the phytosanitary and climatic forecast, but also on the economic feasibility of increasing it. The dominance of the genotype (71.0 %) in yield variability was established; the greatest contribution to the development of spotting (29.5 and 38.5 %) was made by the combined effect of “variety–seeding rate” factors; the contribution of the genotype is 29.0 and 16.2 %.
Hordeum vulgare L., genotype, seeding rates, fungal diseases, abiotic conditions, degree of damage, productivity
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