Abstract. This article presents the results of studies of the species composition of fusarium fungi found in the affected ear and grain of winter soft wheat and winter triticale. Molecular genetic methods have revealed new fusarium species for the region, and the dominant species have been identified. More types of micromycetes were found on the susceptible variety. Methods. Confirmation of the species was carried out by PCR with universal primers and further sequencing of nucleotide sequences using the Sanger method. The β-tubulin gene region was amplified for sequencing. Results. 14 species of fungi of the genus Fusarium have been identified. The species F. graminearum dominated in all samples (frequency of occurrence 42.8 %). The species F. avenaceum (23.3 %), F. sporotrichioides and F. equiseti (8.8 % each) were noted with high frequency. Next, in descending order of occurrence: F. oxysporum, F. boothii, F. poae, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum, F. vorosii, F. tricinctum, F. cerealis, F. sambucinum. Scientific novelty. For the first time, six species of fusarium fungi were found in diseased wheat grain: F. boothii, F. vorosii, F. cerealis, F. sporotrichioides, F. oxysporum, F. incarnatum. The results obtained indicate a community of fusarium fungi that are constantly present in the grain agrocenosis. Four species of fusarium have been found in the diseased triticale grain: F. graminearum. F. oxysporum, F. equiseti and F. boothii. Species differ from each other in terms of moisture and temperature requirements, as well as a set of toxic substances of secondary metabolism that ensure competitive interactions between species and successful colonization of the nutrient substrate. The constant presence of a complex of fusarium fungi in the agrocenosis, occupying various ecological niches, ensures continuous infection of the ear and grain, starting from the flowering phase to harvesting.
winter soft wheat, FHB (Fusarium head blight), fungi of the genus Fusarium, DNA marker, phylogenetic analysis
1. Gavrilova O. P., Gagkaeva T. Yu., Orina A. S., Gogina N. N. Raznoobrazie vidov fuzarioza i ih mikotoksinov v zernovyh kul'turah Aziatskoy territorii Rossii // Doklady biologicheskih nauk. 2023. № 508 (1). S. 9–19. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496622700156.
2. Buchneva G. N., Gusev I. V., Korabel'skaya O. I., Dubrovskaya N. N., Chekmarev V. V. Vidovoy sostav i chastota vstrechaemosti gribov roda Fusarium na sortah pshenicy v Tambovskoy oblasti // Zernovoe hozyaystvo Rossii. 2019. № 2 (62). S. 74–76. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2019-62-2-74-76.
3. Kosterina N. A. Analiz sovremennogo sostoyaniya problemy fuzarioza kolosa i zerna pshenicy v Rossiyskoy Federacii // Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2023. № 05 (234). S. 49‒60. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-234-05-49-60.
4. Ablova I. B., Tarhov A. S. Poisk donorov i istochnikov ustoychivosti pshenicy k fuzariozu kolosa i vovlechenie ih v selekcionnuyu programmu // Genetika i selekciya rasteniy, osnovannaya na sovremennyh geneticheskih znaniyah i tehnologiyah: materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferencii molodyh uchenyh. Zvenigorod, 2008. S. 5–6.
5. Manukyan I. R., Basieva M. A., Miroshnikova E. S., Abiev V. B. Ocenka ekologicheskoy plastichnosti sortov ozimoy pshenicy v usloviyah predgornoy zony Central'nogo Kavkaza // Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2019. № 4 (183). S. 20–26. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32417/article_5cf94f63b4d0f7.46300158.
6. Levitin M. M., Dzhavahiya V. G. Toksigennye griby i problemy prodovol'stvennoy bezopasnosti (obzor) // Dostizheniya nauki i tehniki APK. 2020. T. 34, № 12. S. 5–11. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24411/0235-2451-2020-11201.
7. Staheev A. A., Samohvalova L. V., Ryazancev D. Yu., Zavriev S. K. Molekulyarno-geneticheskie metody v issledovanii taksonomii i specificheskoy identifikacii toksinproduciruyuschih gribov roda Fusarium: uspehi i problemy // Sel'skohozyaystvennaya biologiya. 2016. T. 51 (3). S. 275–284. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2016.3.275rus.
8. Staheev A. A., Samohvalova L. V., Mikityuk O. D., Zavriev S. K. Filogeneticheskiy analiz i molekulyarnoe tipirovanie trihotecenproduciruyuschih gribov roda Fusarium iz rossiyskih kollekciy // Acta naturae. 2018. T. 10, № 2 (37). S. 85–99. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2018-10-2-79-92.
9. Kebede M., Adugna G., Hundie B. Status of Fusarium head blight on wheat fields in Southwestern Ethiopia // Italian Journal of Mycology. 2021. Vol. 50, No. 1. Rr. 117–130. DOI:https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2531-7342/13320.
10. Shvarcev A. A., Koroleva M. L., Blinova S. A., Rubec V. S., Pyl'nev V. V. Analiz vidovogo raznoobraziya vozbuditeley fuzariozov na ozimoy tritikale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) s ispol'zovaniem molekulyarno-geneticheskih metodov // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Ser. Biologiya. 2023. Vyp. 1. S. 65‒75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2023-1-65-75.
11. Chandra N. R., Wulff E. G., Udayashankar A. C., Nandini B. P., Niranjana S. R., Mortensen C. N., Prakash N. S. Prospects of molecular markers in Fusarium species diversity // Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2011. Vol. 90, No. 5. Rr. 1625–1639. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3209-3.
12. Wegulo S. N., Valverde-Bogantes E., Dolanos-Carriel C., Hallen-Adams H., Bianchini A., McMaster N., Schmale D. G. First report of Fusarium boothii causing head blight of wheat in the United States // Plant Disease. 2018. Vol. 102, No. 12. Rr. 2646–2667. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-18-0696-PDN.
13. Leyiva-Mir S. G., Garcia-Leon F. K., Camacho-Nahia M., Vllasenor H., Romero G. F., Towar-Pedaza J. M. Occurrence of the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex causinng fusarium head blight of wheat in Mexico // Plant Disease. 2022. Vol. 10. Pp. 2755. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-21-2467-PDN.
14. Xi K., Shan L., Yang Y., Zhang G., J. Zhang., Guo Y. Species Diversity and Chemotypes of Fusarium Species Associated With Maize Stalk Rot in Yunnan Province of Southwest China // Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021. Vol. 12. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.652062.
15. Avilla C. F., Moreira G. M., Nicollii C. P., Gomes L. B., Abreru L. M., Pfenning, L. H. Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex associated with Brazilian rice: phylogeny, morphology, and toxigenic potential // International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2019. Vol. 306. Article number 108267. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108267.
16. Laraba I., McCormick S. P., Vaughan M., Geiser D. M., O’Donnell K. Phylogenetic diversity, trichothecene potential, and pathogenicity within Fusarium sambucinum species complex // PLoS One. 2021. Vol. 16, No. 4. Article number e0250812. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245037.
17. Wang W., Wang B., Sun X., Qi X., Gong, G. Symptoms and pathogens diversity of corn Fusarium sheath rot in Sichuan province, China // Scientific Reports. 2021. Vol. 11. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82463-2.
18. Hasanov B. A., Sherimbetov A. G. Taksonomiya roda Fusarium i sovremennye metody identifikacii ego vidov (obzor) // Uzbekskiy biologicheskiy zhurnal. 2020. № 2. S. 22–32.
19. Domracheva L. I., Skugoreva S. G., Kovina A. L., Korotkih A. I., Starikov P. A., Ashimhina T. Ch. Specifika rastitel'no-mikrobnyh kompleksov pri antropogennom zagryaznenii pochvy (obzor) // Teoreticheskaya i prikladnaya ekologiya. 2022. № 3. S. 14–25. DOI:https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2022-3-014-02.
