Оренбург, Оренбургская область, Россия
Оренбург, Оренбургская область, Россия
Abstract. The aim of research is to monitor the genetic diversity of Kazakh White-Headed breed, taking into account the GH L127V and GHR F279Y polymorphisms. Research methods. The object of the study were cows (n = 57 heads) and young animals (calves and heifers, n = 50 heads) from the breeding farm “Krasnyy Oktyabr’”, Volgograd region. Whole blood of animals served as the biomaterial; genotyping was carried out according to the polymorphisms GH L127V in growth hormone gene and GHR F279Y in growth hormone receptor gene by PCR-RFLP method. Results. The study of the gene pool by polymorphisms of the somatotropic axis genes in Kazakh White-Headed cattle showed that the representatives of mature herd and young animals had L (PL = 0.660–0.728) and V (PV = 0.272–0.340) alleles in the locus of growth hormone gene, as well as F (PF = 0.412–0.550) and Y (PY = 0.450–0.588) in the locus of growth hormone receptor gene. Genotypes distribution in growth hormone gene polymorphism was more balanced according to the Hardy-Weinberg law, but the population significantly (P < 0.05) deviated from the equilibrium state according to the genetic frequencies in growth hormone receptor gene. Differences in genetic frequencies for the growth hormone gene did not reach a significant level (χ2 = 4.451; P = 0.108) between cows and young animals. Whereas, there were significant differences (χ2 = 12.103; P = 0.002) in the frequencies of homozygous genotypes carriers for the growth hormone receptor gene, which was due to the use of heterozygous sire for this polymorphism in the reproduction of the herd. Scientific novelty. For the first time, data on the assessment of the genetic structure of the Kazakh White-Headed mature herd and replacement young animals of Volgograd selection were obtained according to the polymorphisms GH L127V and GHR F279Y, associated with indicators of meat productivity. The results of the analysis of the genetic structure of the herd indicate the possibility of directed changes in the gene pool of the population in just one generation, which creates the prerequisites for the introduction of marker-assisted selection.
Kazakh White-Headed breed, cows, young animal, genotype, allele, variability, polymorphism, GH L127V, GHR F279Y
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