UDK 633.11 Пшеница. Triticum ssp.
Abstract. Efficient and rapid decomposition of plant residues, and elimination of the negative impact of pathogenic microflora on the soil environment and the plant organism occurs due to fungi of the genus Trichoderma, which have phytoprotective and growth-promoting properties, have a high degree of decomposition of high-polymer components of plant residues. One of these drugs is Sternifag. The article presents the results of studies that determine the effectiveness of the use of the microbiological preparation Sternifag in the technology of cultivating winter wheat. The research was carried out at the Adyghe research institute of agriculture in the period 2017–2020 gg. on leached chernozem. As a result of the research, it was noted that the use of the Sternifag preparation increased the height of winter wheat, which was 37,4 cm in the booting phase (+39,6 % of the control) and 81,9 cm in the full ripeness phase (+8,9 % to control), the growth of biomass by aboveground organs and their accumulation of dry matter also increased. The inclusion of the Sternifag preparation in the winter wheat cultivation technology significantly increased the yield by 11,2 (low agrobackground) and 9,3 (high agrobackground) % in comparison with the options without its use. The maximum yield – 4,01 t/ha, was obtained on option 4 with the Sternifag preparation, on a high agricultural background. It was determined that the use of this drug in the cultivation of winter wheat improved the protein content in the grain, its nature, and vitreousness. At the same time, it slightly affected gluten and its quality, which determined the grain class, which corresponded to 5 on a low agricultural background, and 4 on other options.
Triticum aestivum L. (winter soft wheat), fungi of the genus Trichoderma, Sternifag preparation, organic matter, crop structure, yield, grain quality
1. Ashinov Yu. N., Mamsirov N. I., Brantova M. M. Gumifikaciya rastitel'nyh ostatkov v lesnyh pochvah // Sel'skohozyaystvennoe zemlepol'zovanie i prodovol'stvennaya bezopasnost': materialy IV Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, posvyaschennoy pamyati Zasluzhennogo deyatelya nauki RF, KBR, Respubliki Adygeya professora B. H. Fiapsheva. Nal'chik, 2018. S. 116-119.
2. Bulavin L. A., Gvozdov A. P., Kucev D. N., Lenskiy A. V. Ekonomicheskaya effektivnost' vozdelyvaniya ozimoy pshenicy pri raznyh urovnyah intensivnosti tehnologii // Zemledelie i selekciya v Belarusi. 2020. № 55, S. 39-49.
3. Devterova N. I., Blagopoluchnaya O. A. Urozhaynost' pshenicy ozimoy v zavisimosti ot ispol'zovaniya biologicheskih, himicheskih faktorov i vozobnovlyaemyh bioresursov pri umen'shenii intensivnosti obrabotki pochvy // Novye tehnologii. 2018. № 3. S. 196-199.
4. Demina O. N., Eremin D. I. Vliyanie mineral'nyh udobreniy na mikrofloru pahotnogo chernozema lesostepnoy zony Zaural'ya // Vestnik Krasnoyarskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2020. № 2 (155). S. 63-71.
5. Laptina Yu. A., Gichenkova O. G., Kulikova N. A., Sitkaliev A. P. Ocenka effektivnosti biopreparatov-destruktorov na mikrobiologicheskuyu aktivnost' svetlo-kashtanovoy pochvy pod ovoschnymi kul'turami // Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professional'noe obrazovanie. 2020. № 3 (59). S. 211-219.
6. Mnatsakanyan A. A., Vasyukov P. P., Chuvarleeva G. V., Lesovaya G. M. Agrotehnologicheskie osnovy primeneniya regulyatorov rosta i vodorastvorimogo mikrobioudobreniya na ozimoy pshenice // Tavricheskiy vestnik agrarnoy nauki. 2017. №. 3. S. 88-100.
7. Rusakova I. V. Effektivnost' mikrobnyh destruktorov posleuborochnyh ostatkov v laboratornyh i polevyh eksperimentah // Vladimirskiy zemledelec. 2021. № 2. S. 34-40.
8. Bezuglova O. S., Gorovtsov A. V., Demidov A. M. et al. Effect of humic preparation on winter wheat productivity and rhizosphere microbial community under herbicide-induced stress // Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2019. Vol. 19. No. 6. Pp. 2665-2675.
9. Gangwar O. P., Singh A. P. Trichoderma as an efficacious bioagent for combating biotic and abiotic stresses of wheat-A review // Agricultural Reviews. 2018. Vol. 39. No. 1. Rp. 48-54.
10. Kredics L., Chen L., Kedves O. et al. Molecular tools for monitoring Trichoderma in agricultural environments // Frontiers in microbiology. 2018. Vol. 9. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01599.
11. Luo Z., Wang E., Xing H. et al. Opportunities for enhancing yield and soil carbon sequestration while reducing N2O emissions in rainfed cropping systems // Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2017. Vol. 232. Pp. 400-410.
12. Oljira A. M., Hussain T., Waghmode T. R. et al. Trichoderma enhances net photosynthesis, water use efficiency, and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salt stress // Microorganisms. 2020. Vol. 8. No. 10. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101565.
13. Sazykina M. A., Minkina T. M., Konstantinova E. Yu. et al. Pollution impact on microbial communities composition in natural and anthropogenically modified soils of Southern Russia // Microbiological Research. 2022. Vol. 254. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2021.126913
14. Xue A. G., Guo W., Chen Y. et al. Effect of seed treatment with novel strains of Trichoderma spp. on establishment and yield of spring wheat // Crop protection. 2017. Vol. 96. Rp. 97-102.
15. Zhang S., Gan Y., Ji W. et al. Mechanisms and characterization of Trichoderma longibrachiatum in suppressing nematodes (Heterodera avenae) in wheat // Frontiers in plant science. 2017. Vol. 8. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01491.
16. Zin N. A., Badaluddin N. A. Biological functions of Trichoderma spp. for agriculture applications // Annals of Agricultural Sciences. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 2. Rp. 168-178.
