Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of work – to establish the impact of weather factors, the content of productive moisture and nutrients in the soil on increasing the yield of field crops in grain-pair crop rotations. Research methods: field, thermostatic-weight, ionometric, Machigin’s. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the impact of agrometeorological conditions (2014–2021), the content of productive moisture and nutrients on the yield of grain crops after zero and flat-cut processing (25-27 cm) of soil on parts of the slope was assessed. Results. It was found that, on average, during the growing season (May – August), the air temperature (18.8 °C) and dry days (74) negatively affect the yield of barley (1.10 and 0.86 t/ha) on the upper part of the slope and amount to 55.72 and 66.55 % for flat-cut tillage compared to zero (control) – 43.88 and 55.38 % (P ≤ 0.05). Atmospheric precipitation (92.0 mm) has a positive effect on the yield of durum wheat (0.99 and 0.83 t/ha) on the middle part of the slope and amounts to 47.39 % on the flat-cut and 52.03 % without tillage (P ≤ 0.05). Spring productive moisture (105.0 and 101.0 mm) in the meter layer of soil favorably affects the yield of soft wheat (1.05 and 0.78 t/ha) on the upper part of the slope and amounts to 64.15% for flat-cut processing compared to 76.80 % control (P < 0.05). The increase in the yield of soft wheat (1.42 t/ha) and barley (1.43 t/ha) depends on the influence of the content of mobile phosphorus (3.7 and 3.5 mg / 100 g) in the soil layer 0–30 cm on the lower part of the slope for flat-cut processing and amounts to 54.15 and 55.98 % (P < 0.05). Thus, dry weather conditions, the content of productive moisture, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium for the remaining sowing options do not affect the increase in yield.
durum wheat, soft wheat, barley, air temperature, precipitation, number of dry days, productive moisture, nutrients, yield, part of the slope
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