Abstract. Each soil-climatic zone should be provided with the most adapted varieties of agricultural crops. The Middle Cis-Urals is characterized by a short growing season, low-humus acidic soils. However, due to global warming, the sum of active temperatures in the region exceeded 2000 °C and made it possible to grow not only early-ripening, but also mid-ripening varieties of spring wheat, which have a greater productivity potential. The purpose of the study is a comparative assessment of spring wheat varieties of different ripeness groups according to the nature of the development of the above-ground mass, the formation of yield and its components. Methods. Zonal tests were carried out for three years on acidic soddy medium podzolic medium loamy soil. We tested 10 varieties of early, mid-early and mid-ripening groups. The field experience had accounting plots with an area of 1.05 m2 and their sixfold repetition. Results. It has been established that the mid-early varieties Omskaya 36 and Kalinka, as well as the mid-ripening varieties Simbirtsit, Likamero and Chernozemnouralskaya 2, significantly exceeded the yield of the early ripe variety Irgina by 13, 20, 15, 13 and 31%, respectively. In addition, varieties Chernozemnouralskaya 2 and Kalinka showed an average variation in yield (V = 12.5 and 19.7 %, respectively). The mid-ripening varieties Simbirtsit, Likamero and Chernozemnouralskaya 2 compared with the Irgina variety had a significantly lower straw content ratio by 18, 29 and 17 %, respectively. The variety Chernozemnouralskaya 2 stood out among other varieties in coefficient of productive tillering, exceeding the Irgina variety by 15.5 %. Varieties Kalinka and Simbirtsit had a greater mass of 1000 grains, respectively, by 3.9 and 3.0 g than that of the Irgina variety (27.7 g). The scientific novelty of the conducted research lies in the comparative assessment of the formation of yields by spring wheat varieties of different ripeness groups on acidic low-humus soil.
spring wheat, variety, ripeness group of varieties, grain yield, yield components
1. Morgounov A. I., Belan I., Zelenskiy Y., Roseeva L., Tömösközi S., Békés F., Abugalieva A., Cakmak I., Vargas M., Crossa J. Historical changes in grain yield and quality of spring wheat varieties cultivated in Siberia from 1900 to 2010 [e-resource] // Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 2013. No. 93 (3). Pp. 425-433. URL: https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/full/10.4141/cjps2012-091 (date of reference: 10.03.2023).
2. Faye B., Webber H., Gaiser T., Müller C., Zhang Y., Stella T., Latka C., Reckling M., Heckelei T., Helming K., Ewert F. Climate change impacts on European arable crop yields: Sensitivity to assumptions about rotations and residue management // European Journal of Agronomy. 2023. No. 142. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126670.
3. Rogger J., Hund A., Fossati D., Holzkamper A. Can Swiss wheat varieties escape future heat stress? European Journal of Agronomy. 2021. No. 131. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2021.126394.
4. Rigin B. V., Zuev E. V., Andreeva A. S., Pyzhenkova Z. S., Matvienko I. I. Liniya Riko - samaya skorospelaya sredi predstaviteley kollekcii yarovoy myagkoy pshenicy VIR // Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selekcii. 2019. T. 180. № 4. S. 94-98. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-4-94-98.
5. Ashadullin D. F., Ashadullin D. F., Vasilova N. Z., Brykova A. N. Skorospelost' obrazcov yarovoy myagkoy pshenicy v usloviyah Srednego Povolzh'ya // Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selekcii. 2022. № 183 (3). S. 66-75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2022-3-66-75.
6. Yaschenko S. N., Loginov Yu. P., Kazak A. A. Vliyanie predshestvennika na rost, razvitie rasteniy i koefficient razmnozheniya semyan sortov yarovoy pshenicy // Vestnik KrasGAU. 2021. № 4. S. 42-50.
7. Utebaev M. U., Shelaeva T. V., Bome N. A., Chilimova I. V., Kradeckaya O. O., Dashkevich S. M., Novohatin V. V., Vaysfel'd L. I. Kachestvo zerna sortov yarovoy pshenicy (Triticum aestivum L.) Zapadno-Sibirskoy selekcii v usloviyah Severnogo Kazahstana // Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selekcii. 2022. T. 183. № 3. S. 27-38. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2022-3-27-38.
8. Carew R., Meng T., Florkowski W. J., Smith R., Blair D. Climate change impacts on hard red spring wheat yield and production risk: evidence from Manitoba, Canada [e-resource] // Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 2018. No. 98. Pp. 782-795. URL: https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/full/10.1139/cjps-2017-0135#tab-citations (date of reference: 08.03.2023).
9. Rubec V. S., Voronchihina I. N., Pyl'nev V. V., Voronchihin V. V., Marenkova A. G. Vliyanie meteorologicheskih usloviy na kachestvo zerna yarovoy pshenicy (Triticum L.) // Izvestiya TSHA. 2021. Vyp. 5. S. 89-108. DOI:https://doi.org/10.26897/0021-342X-2021-5-89-108.
10. Grib S. I., Berestov I. I., Mel'nikov R. V. Koefficient hozyaystvennoy effektivnosti fotosinteza i urozhaynost' sortov pshenicy yarovoy myagkoy pri raznom urovne azotnogo pitaniya // Zemledelie i selekciya v Belarusi. 2017. № 53. S. 91-97.
11. Amirov M. F., Garaev R. I., Zheltuhin A. V., Semenov P. G. Produktivnost' i adaptivnost' sortov yarovoy pshenicy kompanii KVS v usloviyah Predkam'ya Respubliki Tatarstan // Agrobiotehnologii i cifrovoe zemledelie. 2022. № 3. S. 12-19. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/2782-490X-2022-12-19.URL: https://naukaru.ru/ru/nauka/article/54981/view (data obrascheniya: 08.03.2023).
12. Grib S. I., Berestov I. I., Mel'nikov R. V. Urozhaynost' sortov pshenicy yarovoy myagkoy i elementy ee struktury pri raznom urovne azotnogo pitaniya rasteniy // Zemledelie i selekciya v Belarusi. 2018. № 54. S. 68-75.
13. Butkovskaya L. K., Kazanov V. V., Surina E. A. Vliyanie iznachal'noy vshozhesti i elementov sortovoy agrotehniki na kachestvo semyan yarovoy pshenicy v usloviyah Krasnoyarskoy lesostepi // Vestnik Krasnoyarskogo GAU. 2021. № 6. S. 64-70.
14. Lepehov S. B. Klassifikaciya sred na osnove koefficientov korrelyacii urozhaynosti sortov myagkoy yarovoy pshenicy // Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selekcii. 2020. № 181 (4). S. 14-21. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-4-14-21.
15. Belyaev V., Rudev N., Sokolova L. Struktura urozhaya i kachestvo zerna sortov yarovoy pshenicy altayskoy i inostrannoy selekcii (Tyumencevskiy rayon, Altayskiy kray) // Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture, 2022. No. 14 (2). Pp. 427-440. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-2-427-440.
16. Gadzhimuradova A. M., Zhumalin A. H., Zhang Zh., Solov'ev O. Yu., Kiyan V. S. Razrabotka predvaritel'nyh parametrov optimal'noy modeli sorta yarovoy myagkoy pshenicy dlya klimaticheskih usloviy Severnogo Kazahstana [Elektronnyy resurs] // Vestnik nauki Kazahskogo agrotehnicheskogo universiteta imeni S. Seyfullina. 2019. № 1 (100). S. 117-129. URL: http://rmebrk.kz/magazine/4540 (data obrascheniya: 10.03.2023).
17. Lentochkin A. M., Babayceva T. A. Global'noe poteplenie i izmenenie usloviy vedeniya rastenievodstva v Srednem Predural'e // Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka. 2021. T. 22. № 6. S. 826-834. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2021.22.6.826-834.
