Abstract. Evaluation of the conformation of cattle is an additional resource for selection. Exterior assessment allows you to level the herd, clarify the breeding value of animals, and identify the direction of breeding work. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the conformation of Holstein cattle in order to improve the herd in the future. Methods. The studies were carried out in 2019 and 2021. The conformation was evaluated in two generations of cows. The evaluation of the herd twice revealed the changes that had taken place. The assessment of the exterior was carried out by several methods: taking measurements; calculation of body indexes; linear assessment of the exterior according to systems A and B, taking into account the shortcomings and defects in the physique of animals [1]. The assessment of the exterior of cows of the first lactation was carried out in accordance with the method of linear assessment. The evaluation period is from 30 to 150 days of lactation. Results. Studies have shown that the conformation of a herd can change rather quickly under the influence of sires with a strong heredity. The studied herd veered towards the delicate body type within one generation. The receipt of tender animals is confirmed by the fact that the cows have become larger, but the width of the sternum (body strength) has not changed much. The bone development index decreased by 0.4 % (P < 0.001) in cows in the 2021 group. The number of deficiencies in cows in 2021 has increased compared to cows in the 2019 group. This confirms the changes that have taken place in the herd. The linear assessment of the exterior of the cows turned out to be the most accurate, as it made it possible to characterize the cows and identify shortcomings in the physique. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the interpretation of the results of the study to develop recommendations that can be used to improve the herd. This will increase the efficiency of the use of cattle in the conditions of industrial milk production.
dairy cattle, Holstein breed, exterior, linear assessment, selection
1. Pravila ocenki teloslozheniya docherey bykov-proizvoditeley molochno-myasnyh porod. SNPplem R10 - 96 // Sbornik normativnyh dokumentov po ocenke plemennogo materiala. Lesnye Polyany: VNIIplem, 1998. T. 1. 232 s.
2. Zaikin V. I., Kul'makova N. I. Ocenka tipa ekster'era krupnogo rogatogo skota cherno-pestroy porody // Zdorov'esberegayuschie tehnologii, kachestvo i bezopasnost' pischevoy produkcii: materialy Vserossiyskoy konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. Krasnodar, 2021. S. 227-230.
3. Sheveleva O. M., Baharev A. A., Suhanova S. F. Lineynaya ocenka ekster'era krupnogo rogatogo skota gerefordskoy porody v usloviyah Severnogo Zaural'ya // Dostizheniya nauki i tehniki APK. 2022. T. 36. № 4. S. 112-116.
4. Sheveleva O.M. Lineynaya ocenka ekster'era krupnogo rogatogo skota porody obrak v usloviyah Severnogo Zaural'ya // Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2021. № 3 (89). S. 256-259.
5. Sheveleva O. M., Bakharev A. A. Meat productivity of French bred bulls due to adaptive technology in western Siberia // Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture. 2022. Vol. 14. No. 4. Pp. 370-383.
6. Svyazhenina M. A. Ekster'er skota golshtinskoy porody // Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2019. № 5 (79). S. 217-219.
7. Svyazhenina M. A., Sheveleva O. M. Ekster'er korov golshtinskoy porody // Obespechenie kachestva i bezopasnosti moloka: materialy kruglogo stola. Tyumen', 2022. S. 50-54.
8. Sheveleva O. M., Svyazhenina M. A., Suhanova S. F., Danilenko I. Yu. Ekster'ernaya harakteristika korov golshtinskoy porody v usloviyah Severnogo Zaural'ya // Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: Nauka i vysshee professional'noe obrazovanie. 2022. № 2 (66). S. 253-262.
9. Sheveleva O. M., Bakharev A. A., Lysenko L. A., Chasovshchikova M. A. Exterior features and meat productivity of aubrac breed cattle during acclimatization in the conditions of Northern Trans-Urals // E3S Web of Conferences. Series “Fundamental and Applied Research in Biology and Agriculture: Current Issues, Achievements and Innovations - FARBA 2021”. Oryol, 2021. Vol. 254 (97). Article number 08004. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125408004.
10. Sheveleva O. Chasovshchikova M., Bakharev A. et al. Influence of paratypical factors on the productive longevity and lifelong productivity of Holstein cows of the Dutch selection of different generations // Amazonia Investiga. 2020. Vol. 9. No. 25. Pp. 176-181.
11. Lapina M. Yu., Abramova M. V. Dinamika pokazateley ekster'era i molochnoy produktivnosti v mikropopulyacii golshtinskogo skota // Permskiy agrarnyy vestnik. 2020. № 3 (31). S. 94-102.
12. Sheveleva O. M., Moskaleva A. O. Ekster'er korov golshtinskoy porody // Dostizheniya agrarnoy nauki dlya obespecheniya prodovol'stvennoy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federacii: materialy II Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii molodyh uchenyh i specialistov. Tyumen', 2022. S. 221-230.
13. Metodika provedeniya ispytaniy na otlichimost', odnorodnost' i stabil'nost' po krupnomu rogatomu skotu // Sbornik pravovyh i normativnyh aktov k federal'nomu zakonu «O selekcionnyh dostizheniyah». Lesnye Polyany: VNIIplem, 1997. 204 s.
14. Nedashkovskiy I. S., Konte A. F., Sermyagin A. A. Pokazateli ocenki plemennoy cennosti po lineynoy ocenke ekster'era v zavisimosti ot koefficienta inbridinga i urovnya gomozigotnosti // Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2023. № 01 (230). S. 55-65. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-230-01-55-65.
15. Konte A. F., Karlikova G. G. Parametry izmenchivosti pokazateley teloslozheniya i produktivnosti golshtinskih korov v zavisimosti ot urovnya udoya // Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2022. № 06 (221). S. 37-48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2022-221-06-37-48.
16. Konte A. F., Ermilov A. N., Sermyagin A. A. Dinamika geneticheskoy izmenchivosti dlya pokazateley tipa teloslozheniya pervotelok golshtinizirovannoy cherno-pestroy porody Podmoskov'ya // Vestnik KrasGAU. 2020. № 8. S. 69-78.
17. Konte A. F., Yanchukov I. N., Bychkunova N. G., Sermyagin A. A. Vzaimosvyazi priznakov i nedostatkov ekster'era korov cherno-pestroy porody Moskovskoy oblasti // Nauchnoe obespechenie razvitiya zhivotnovodstva v Rossiyskoy Federacii: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, posvyaschennoy 90-letiyu VIZh im. akademika L. K. Ernsta. Dubrovicy, 2019. S. 249-253.
18. Batanov S. D., Baranova I. A., Starostina O. S., Shaidullina M. M., Smolentsev S. Yu. Sonstitution traits formation and influence on milk productivity Dokkyo // Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021. Vol. 48. No. 3. Pp. 393-401.
19. Batanov S. D., Baranova I. A. Untersuchungen zu altersbedingten veränderungen von exterieurmerkmalen und ihre beziehungen zur milchleistung bei kühen // Zuchtungskunde. 2021. Vol. 93. No. 4. Pp. 279-294.
