Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Abstract. In 2021–2023, in the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia – Alania, research was carried out on the use of biological products (growth regulator “Giberelon” and microfertilizer “Ul’tramag Kombi”) on soybean crops of Vilana, Irbis, Vita varieties. The purpose of the work is to improve the technology of soybean cultivation, aimed at improving productivity and grain quality through the use of biological products. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the foothill zone of the republic, the influence of biologics (growth regulator and micronutrients) on photosynthetic activity, the size and quality of soybean crops of various ripeness was studied. Methods. The object of research was three high-yielding soybean varieties - Vilana, Irbis, Vita (breeding of the Federal Research Center of the V. S. Pustovoit Research Institute of Oilseeds). Among the biological products used were "Giberelon" (70 g/ha), a plant growth stimulator based on gibberellic acids; "Ultramag Combi" (2 l/ha) – a concentrated complex micronutrient for leafy top dressing of cereals. Observations and records were carried out according to generally accepted methods of field experience. Results. It has been established that the use of biological products “Giberelon” and “Ul’tramag Kombi” increases the symbiotic activity of soybeans and the amount of fixed nitrogen in the air. During the growing season, the largest number of active nodules were formed in plots where plants were treated with “Ul’tramag Kombi” microfertilizer. With the use of “Ul’tramag Kombi” microfertilizer, the mass of nodules also increased by 18.7–19.9 g compared to the control. The biological products used stimulated plant growth, where the highest plant height was noted for varieties ranging from 79.1–115.1 cm. The yield of soybean crops using the growth regulator “Giberelon” (with an application rate of 70 g/ha) increased by 0.13–0.25 t/ha, with the use of “Ul’tramag Kombi” microfertilizer (with an application rate of 2 l/ha) – by 0.28–0.47 t/ha. The average level of profitability for all studied varieties of experimental variants was 65.25 %, which is 28.75 % higher than the control variants.
legumes, soybeans, varieties, growth regulator, microfertilizer, mass of nodules, net photosynthetic productivity, yield
1. Abaev A. A., Tedeeva A. A., Mamiev D. M., Lagkueva E. A., Tedeeva V. V., Hohoeva N. T., Tavkazahov S. A. Voprosy mineral'nogo pitaniya soi v predgor'yah Severnogo Kavkaza. Vladikavkaz. Tipografiya OOO NPKP «MAVR», 2021. 146 s.
2. Galichenko A. P., Fokina E. M Vliyanie meteorologicheskih usloviy na formirovanie urozhaynosti sortov soi selekcii VNII soi // Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2022. № 7 (222). S. 16–25. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2022-222-07-16-25.
3. Knyazev B. M., Nazranov H. M., Knyazeva D. B. Simbioticheskaya i fotosinteticheskaya deyatel'nost' rasteniy soi v zavisimosti ot vlazhnosti pochvy v stepnoy zone // Izvestiya Kabardino-Balkarskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta im. V. M. Kokova. 2022. № 4 (38). S. 15–20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.55196/2411-3492-2022-4-38-15-20.
4. Mamsirov N. I., Chumachenko Yu. A., Orazkulyev M. M. Optimizaciya elementov tehnologii vozdelyvaniya perspektivnyh sortov soi. Maykop: Izdatel'stvo «Magarin Oleg Grigor'evich», 2022. 94 s.
5. Hanieva I. M., Kudaev R. H., Boziev A. L., Hamokov H. A., Shukaev A. A., Tutukova D. A. Vliyanie mikrobiologicheskih udobreniy i mikroelementov na fotosinteticheskuyu deyatel'nost' i produktivnost' soi // Agrarnaya Rossiya. 2023. № 1. S. 3–8. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30906/1999-5636-2023-1-3-8.
6. Ismagilov K. R. Osobennosti formirovaniya urozhaya soi na territorii Respubliki Bashkortostan // Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2023. № 2 (231). S. 2–13. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-231-02-2-13.
7. Bliev S. G., Hanieva I. M., Shogenov Yu. M. Osobennosti vozdelyvaniya soi v biologicheskom zemledelii // Doklady Adygskoy (Cherkesskoy) Mezhdunarodnoy akademii nauk. 2020. T. 20, № 1. S. 91–95. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47928/1726-9946-2020-20-1-91-95.
8. Rezvyakova S. V., Eremin L. P. Povyshenie urozhaynosti soi na osnove zaschity ot gribnyh bolezney // Vestnik agrarnoy nauki. 2021. № 3 (90). S. 77–83. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17238/issn2587-666X.2021.3.77.
9. Stepanov A. S., Aseeva T. A., Dubrovin K. N. Vliyanie klimaticheskih harakteristik i znacheniy vegetacionnogo indeksa NDVI na urozhaynost' soi (na primere rayonov Primorskogo kraya) // Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2020. № 1 (192). S. 10–19. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-192-1-10-19.
10. Shabaldas O. G., Pimonov K. I., Esaulko A. N., Vlasova O. I., Trubacheva L. V. Osobennosti vozdelyvaniya soi v zavisimosti ot vidovogo raznoobraziya sornoy rastitel'nosti na oroshenii v usloviyah stepnoy zony Central'nogo Predkavkaz'ya // Zemledelie. 2021. № 3. S. 45–48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24411/0044-3913-2021-10310.
11. Tolokonnikov V. V., Medvedeva L. N., Koshkarova T. S. Onoprienko Yu. G. Selekciya otzyvchivyh na oroshenie sortov soi s obosnovaniem ekonomicheskoy znachimosti dlya nacional'noy ekonomiki // Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: Nauka i vysshee professional'noe obrazovanie. 2020. № 4 (60). S. 68–79. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32786/2071-9485-2020-04-06.
12. Shabaldas O. G., Pimonov K. I., Vaycehovskaya S. S. Reakciya skorospelyh sortov soi na primenenie mineral'nyh udobreniy i rizotorfina na chernozeme obyknovennom // Vestnik APK Stavropol'ya. 2021. № 2 (42). S. 23–27. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31279/2222-9345-2021-10-42-23-27.
13. Esaulko A. N., Shabaldas O. G., Pimonov K. I. Urozhaynost' i kachestvo zerna soi, vyraschivaemoy v pochvenno-klimaticheskih usloviyah stavropol'skoy vozvyshennosti // Vestnik APK Stavropol'ya. 2021. № 4 (44). S. 27–31. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31279/2222-9345-2021-10-43-27-31.
14. Muslimov N. Zh., Kabylda A. I., Dalabaev A. B., Atabaeva B. S. Tehnologicheskoe issledovanie zernovoy mikroflory pri proraschivanii zernobobovyh i maslichnyh kul'tur v pischevyh celyah // Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: Nauka i vysshee professional'noe obrazovanie. 2022. № 3 (67). S. 103–111. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32786/2071-9485-2022-03-12.
15. Vronskaya L. V. Vliyanie doz udobreniy na produktivnost' i kachestvo zerna rannih sortov soi v usloviyah orosheniya // Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: Nauka i vysshee professional'noe obrazovanie. 2023. № 3 (71). S. 223–231. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32786/2071-9485-2023-03-22.
16. Tedeeva V. V., Tedeeva A. A., Abaev A. A., Mamiev D. M., Khokhoeva N. T., Kelekhsashvili L. M. Symbiotic activity of leguminous crops depending on the variety and growing conditions // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021. Vol. 624. Article number. 012016. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/624/1/012016.
