Аннотация. Цель − систематизация информации по вопросам микроклонального размножения представителей рода Ribes spp., в том числе укоренение микропобегов и их адаптация в условиях ex vitro. Методы. Использовали сравнительный анализ при обзоре зарубежной и отечественной литературы по выращиванию ягодных культур методом микроклонального размножения. Результаты. Увеличить коэффициент размножения оздоровленного чистосортного посадочного материала представителей рода Ribes spр. возможно в условиях микроклонального размножения с учетом генотипических особенностей. Получение жизнеспособных эксплантов при введении в культуру in vitro достигается прежде всего выбором качественного исходного материала, фазы развития растения в период изоляции эксплантов и подбора питательных сред. Кроме того, на положительный исход введения влияет эффективность и токсичность стерилизующего агента, борьба с фенольным окислением эксплантов и среды, ассортимент регуляторов роста в периоды введения, микроразмножения и ризогенеза. Наибольшие производственные потери происходят на этапе акклиматизации микропобегов в нестерильных условиях, что связывают со слабой работой ферментов для фиксации углерода в необходимых объемах и несформировавшимся водным режимом из-за разницы микроклимата в пробирке и условий открытого грунта. Представлены разные технологии адаптации представителей данного рода к внешним условиям, начиная от подбора субстрата в теплицах до разработки специальных климатических камер с оптимальными условиями. Несмотря на противоречивые результаты, расширяется представление об успешности применения определенных препаратов для рода Ribes spр., повышается качество посадочного материала, однако полностью не отработана методика получения чистосортного посадочного материала с учетом сортовых особенностей, и полностью не решены вопросы адаптации на этапе ex vitro. Научная новизна. Представлен обзор литературы с учетом новых отечественных и зарубежных научных разработок этапов микроклонального размножения ягодных культур в зависимости от видовой принадлежности и генотипа, а также вопрос акклиматизации в условиях ex vitro.
культура in vitro, срок введения в культуру, питательные среды, регуляторы роста растений, укоренение, адаптация ex vitro
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